Immunogenicity and protective efficacy in monkeys of purified inactivated Vero-cell SARS vaccine

Abstract

The purified inactivated SARS vaccine could induce high levels of neutralizing antibody, and protect the monkeys from the challenge of SARS-CoV. The SARS vaccine prepared in the study appeared to be safe in monkeys.

Identification and characterization of novel neutralizing epitopes in the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV spike protein: Revealing the critical antigenic determinants in inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine

“…As first generation of SARS vaccines, the inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine has been tested in preclinical and clinical studies, and shown its capacity to elicit sterilizing immunity in several animal models [13][14][15][16][17][18]. Our results here indicate that although the major neutralizing domain of SARS-CoV is functional in the inactivated vaccine preparation, some important neutralizing epitopes (e.g.…”

“…Several inactivated SARS vaccines prepared by conventional protocols, e.g. beta-propiolactone, formaldehyde or UV light, have been tested in preclinical studies [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. These killed whole virus vaccines are effective in terms of their capac-0264-410X/$ -see front matter…”

Newcastle disease virus, a host range-restricted virus, as a vaccine vector for intranasal immunization against emerging pathogens

“…Inactivated whole-virus preparations of SARS-CoV have been shown to induce protective immunity in small-animal models (2)(3)(4)(5) and primates (6,7). However, large-scale growth of a highly pathogenic agent introduces the risk of laboratory infection, which indeed has occurred (8).…”

“…An additional limitation of previous studies of vectored and inactivated SARS-CoV vaccines in non-human primates, the model that is most similar to humans, is that protective efficacy was measured by quantitation of challenge SARS-CoV shed in respiratory secretions (6,7,16,20). It is now known that the virus replication in nasal and lung tissues occurs at a much higher level than previously appreciated and is poorly represented by shed virus (24).…”

“…It is now known that the virus replication in nasal and lung tissues occurs at a much higher level than previously appreciated and is poorly represented by shed virus (24). Also, in two of the above-mentioned studies (6,7), protective efficacy of SARS-CoV vaccine candidates was evaluated by analysis of lung tissues collected by biopsy or necropsy on days 12 or 15 after the challenge; however, the virus is normally cleared by this time (24). Thus, evaluation of vaccine efficacy necessitates direct quantitative virological analysis of infected tissues at the peak of viral replication.…”