Immunogenicity and Safety of Diphtheria-tetanus Vaccine in Adults

Choi, Jung‐Hyun; Choo, Eun Ju; Huh, Aejung; Choi, Su-Mi; Eom, Joong Sik; Lee, Jin Seo; Kang, Jin Han

doi:10.3346/jkms.2010.25.12.1727

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In most countries, booster immunization of diphtheria and tetanus is recommended to be performed every 10 years. Booster tetanus-diphtheria (Td) vaccine is recommended to start at the age of 11-12 years old [13]. Cigarette smoking has local and systemic effects on the immune system and increases the susceptibility to infections and also alter the course of infectious diseases [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower immunity to tetanus in cigarette smoker subjects

Jafarzadeh

Shabani

Hassanabadi

et al. 2012

JOHE

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Received: February 2013, Accepted: October 2013 Background: Cigarette smoking has been linked with the suppression of immune responses and increased susceptibility to numerous infections in humans. Tetanus is also a major public health problem in many countries. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the serum levels of antitetanus toxin antibodies in cigarette smoking and healthy non-smoking people. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 cigarette smokers and 100 age-matched healthy nonsmoker individuals were enrolled in this descriptive study. A blood sample was collected from each participant. The samples were tested for the levels of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies by use of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The seroprotective rate of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies in non-smoking group (99%) was significantly higher than that observed in cigarette smoking group (78%, P<0.0001). The mean titer of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies in non-smoking group (5.32± 0.26 IU/ml) was also significantly higher than that in smoker subjects (1.03 ± 0.16 IU/ml; P<0.0001). The mean titer of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies in individuals with smoking duration >10 years was significantly lower than that among smokers with smoking duration ≤10 years (0.59 ± 0.12 IU/ml vs 1.98 ± 0.41 IU/ml; P<0.001). The seroprotection rate was also significantly lower in persons with smoking duration >10 years in comparison to smokers with smoking duration ≤10 years (72.1% vs 90.6%; P=0.037). The mean titer of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies in individuals with daily smoking >10 cigarettes was also significantly lower in comparison to smokers with daily smoking ≤10 cigarettes (0.68 ± 0.15 IU/ml vs 1.63 ± 0.36 IU/ml; P<0.001). Conclusion: These results showed lower levels of anti-tetanus toxin antibodies in cigarette smokers which represents cigarette smoking as a risk factor for susceptibility to tetanus. A negative association was also observed between the immunity to tetanus and smoking burden.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower immunity to tetanus in cigarette smoker subjects

Jafarzadeh

Shabani

Hassanabadi

et al. 2012

JOHE

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“…There are few immunogenicity studies concerned with Td vaccines, with especially limited data in adolescents. However, variable booster immune responses to Td vaccines have been reported in previous studies (13-16). These investigators suggest that the extent of the antibody levels after Td vaccinations may show inter-individual variability depending on immune responses, different individual vaccination backgrounds, and different Td vaccines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The common local adverse reactions include pain in the injection site (55%) followed by swelling (13.9-19.8%) and redness (13.9-19.6%). Systemic adverse reactions include headache (30.9-37.5%), fatigue (30.9-37.5%), gastrointestinal problems (6.9-17.4%) and fever (5.4-5.6%) (13, 17-19). According to Lee et al (12), the local adverse reaction rate and systemic adverse reaction rate in Korean children was 82.6% and 25%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Immunogenicity and Safety of the New Tetanus-Reduced Diphtheria (Td) Vaccines (GC1107) in Healthy Korean Adolescents: A Phase II, Double-Blind, Randomized, Multicenter Clinical Trial

et al. 2013

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This phase II clinical trial was conducted to compare the immunogenicity and safety of a newly developed tetanus-reduced diphtheria (Td) vaccine (GC1107-T5.0 and GC1107-T7.5) and control vaccine. This study was also performed to select the proper dose of tetanus toxoid in the new Td vaccines. Healthy adolescents aged between 11 and 12 yr participated in this study. A total of 130 subjects (44 GC1107-T5.0, 42 GC1107-T7.5 and 44 control vaccine) completed a single dose of vaccination. Blood samples were collected from the subjects before and 4 weeks after the vaccination. In this study, all subjects (100%) in both GC1107-T5.0 and GC1107-T7.5 groups showed seroprotective antibody levels (≥ 0.1 U/mL) against diphtheria or tetanus toxoids. After the vaccination, the geometric mean titer (GMT) against diphtheria was significantly higher in Group GC1107-T5.0 (6.53) and GC1107-T7.5 (6.11) than in the control group (3.96). The GMT against tetanus was 18.6 in Group GC1107-T5.0, 19.94 in GC1107-T7.5 and 19.01 in the control group after the vaccination. In this study, the rates of local adverse reactions were 67.3% and 59.1% in GC1107-T5.0 and GC1107-7.5, respectively. No significant differences in the number of adverse reactions, prevalence and degree of severity of the solicited and unsolicited adverse reactions were observed among the three groups. Thus, both newly developed Td vaccines appear to be safe and show good immunogenicity. GC1107-T5.0, which contains relatively small amounts of tetanus toxoid, has been selected for a phase III clinical trial.

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“…They also showed that the mean antibody levels of diphtheria and tetanus were inversely related with age [11]. Kulkarni et al screened 62 male subjects for assessing the immunogenicity of Td vaccine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroimmunity to Tetanus and Diphtheria among Immunocompetent Adult Patients Admitted to a Tertiary Hospital for Any Reason

Naderi¹,

Sheybani²,

Amiri³

et al. 2018

WJV

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Ignoring the importance of receiving booster doses of vaccines in vast majority of adults could result in their lack of immunity against tetanus and diphtheria. In this prospective cohort study all immunocompetent adults ≥ 40 years old who were admitted for any reason during the time period of the survey were enrolled and antibody levels against tetanus and diphtheria were measured. 84 patients (48%) were 40 -60 years old and 93 (52%) subjects aged older than 60 years. In general, anti-tetanus antibody titer was <0.1 IU/mL (non-immune range) in 83 people (46.9%). For anti-diphtheria antibody, 74 (41.8%) were considered non-immune. Of all people whose tetanus antibody level was <0.1, 19 had a complete history of childhood diphtheria and tetanus immunization and 64 had unknown vaccination history. Among people with diphtheria antibody levels < 0.1, 18 (24.3%) had complete history of childhood vaccination and 56 (75.6%) had unknown history.

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Immunogenicity and Safety of Diphtheria-tetanus Vaccine in Adults

Cited by 24 publications

References 18 publications

Lower immunity to tetanus in cigarette smoker subjects

Lower immunity to tetanus in cigarette smoker subjects

Evaluation of Immunogenicity and Safety of the New Tetanus-Reduced Diphtheria (Td) Vaccines (GC1107) in Healthy Korean Adolescents: A Phase II, Double-Blind, Randomized, Multicenter Clinical Trial

Seroimmunity to Tetanus and Diphtheria among Immunocompetent Adult Patients Admitted to a Tertiary Hospital for Any Reason

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