Immunogenicity Following Two Doses of the BBIBP-CorV Vaccine and a Third Booster Dose with a Viral Vector and mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines against Delta and Omicron Variants in Prime Immunized Adults with Two Doses of the BBIBP-CorV Vaccine

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) booster vaccination is being comprehensively evaluated globally due to waning immunity and the emergence of new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate antibody responses in individuals vaccinated with two doses of the BBIBP-CorV vaccine and to explore the boosting effect of the different vaccine platforms in BBIBP-CorV-primed healthy adults, including a viral vector vaccine (AZD122) and mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273). The results showed that in the BBIBP-CorV prime group, the total receptor-binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin (Ig) and anti-RBD IgG levels waned significantly at three months after receiving the second dose. However, after the booster, RBD-specific binding antibody levels increased. Neutralizing antibody measured by a surrogate neutralization test showed inhibition over 90% against the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant but less than 70% against the omicron variant after the third dose on day 28. All booster vaccines could induce the total IFN-ɣ T-cell response. The reactogenicity was acceptable and well-tolerated without serious adverse events. This study supports the administration of the third dose with either a viral vector or mRNA vaccine for BBIBP-CorV-primed individuals to stimulate antibody and T-cell responses.

Humoral response after a BNT162b2 heterologous third dose of COVID-19 vaccine following two doses of BBIBP-CorV among healthcare personnel in Peru

“…Limited reports describe the impact of a third dose of mRNA, adenoviral vector, or protein subunit vaccines following a full BBIBP regime, a prevalent match in Latin America and Asia. Reports conducted among small-sized populations show that boosting two-dose BBIBP vaccinees with mRNA (BNT or m1273) elicited better humoral response than adenoviral vector vaccines (Chad and Sputnik V) [38] , [39] . Additionally, protein subunit (NVX-CoV2373) boosting after a two-dose BBIBP showed no differences in humoral immunity with prior Chad and BNT vaccination [40] .…”

An update on COVID-19: SARS-CoV-2 variants, antiviral drugs, and vaccines

“…Another study in Thailand evaluated the effectiveness of AZD122, BNT162b2, and mRNA-1273 vaccines (as a booster dose) with BBIBP. After receiving two doses of BBIBP along with a booster dose, it developed neutralizing antibodies that reduced the delta and omicron variants by 90% and 70%, respectively [ 107 ]. These antibodies also increased the CD4 + T cells' ability to produce IFN, increasing the inhibitory effect on the virus [ 107 ].…”

“…After receiving two doses of BBIBP along with a booster dose, it developed neutralizing antibodies that reduced the delta and omicron variants by 90% and 70%, respectively [ 107 ]. These antibodies also increased the CD4 + T cells' ability to produce IFN, increasing the inhibitory effect on the virus [ 107 ]. After the first dosage, the BBIBP vaccination frequently causes headaches, lethargy, and soreness at the injection site.…”

A Comprehensive Review on the Current Vaccines and Their Efficacies to Combat SARS-CoV-2 Variants

“…In another study conducted in Thailand, the efficacy of heterologous booster doses of mRNA (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273) or recombinant adenovirus-based vaccine (AZD122) on BBIBP-CorV-primed people was assessed. When patients who had received two doses of BBIBP-CorV were given a heterologous booster dose, the resulting neutralizing antibodies inhibited the delta and omicron variants by 90% and 70%, respectively, in addition to stronger IFN- production of antigen-specific CD 4+ T cells [ 94 ].…”