Immunogenicity in renal cell carcinoma: shifting focus to alternative sources of tumour-specific antigens

ACAT1 suppresses clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression by AMPK mediated fatty acid metabolism

“…Predominant clinical manifestations of RCC encompass ccRCC, papillary cell carcinoma, and smoky cell carcinoma, with ccRCC as the prevalent subtype [ 2 ]. ccRCC typically exhibits an insidious onset, with atypical early clinical symptoms; patients in advanced stages may present with manifestations such as hematuria and abdominal mass [ 3 ]. Therefore, investigating the underlying biomarkers and mechanisms associated with ccRCC is imperative for both diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to ccRCC.…”

Exploring the Expression of the «Dark Matter» of the Genome in Mesothelioma for Potentially Predictive Biomarkers for Prognosis and Immunotherapy

“…In another clear cell renal cell carcinoma study, RNAseq performed on more than 100 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded patient samples from the two clinical trials (CheckMate-010 and CheckMate-025) identified a link between ERV_2282 (or ERVmap_2282) expression with better overall survival in the group treated with anti-PD-1 [96]. Differences between the different studies in this cancer type have been suggested to be linked not only to RNA sequencing approaches, as previously mentioned, but also to cohort differences and ERV mapping and annotation (reviewed in [97]).…”

Current Treatment Options for Renal Cell Carcinoma: Focus on Cell-Based Immunotherapy

“…TSAs are uniquely expressed on tumours (and not normal cells), and as such are seen by the immune system as ‘foreign’ and can elicit immune activation. ccRCCs have a high prevalence of insertions and/or deletions resulting in frameshift mutations that can lead to the emergence of tumour-associated neoantigens that can trigger an immune response [ 13 ]. Human endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are human genome elements that have accumulated through evolution, and when unsilenced, abnormal ERV expression can lead to the emergence of TSAs [ 14 ] in ccRCC [ 13 ].…”

“…ccRCCs have a high prevalence of insertions and/or deletions resulting in frameshift mutations that can lead to the emergence of tumour-associated neoantigens that can trigger an immune response [ 13 ]. Human endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are human genome elements that have accumulated through evolution, and when unsilenced, abnormal ERV expression can lead to the emergence of TSAs [ 14 ] in ccRCC [ 13 ]. ERV type E (ERV-E4) is specific to ccRCC and expression correlates with HIF2A activity.…”