Immunogenicity of a Bivalent Non-Purified Recombinant Vaccine against Botulism in Cattle

Moreira, Clóvis; Ferreira, Marcos Roberto Alves; Cunha, C. E.; Donassolo, Rafael Amaral; Finger, Paula Fonseca; Moreira, Gustavo Marçal Schmidt Garcia; Otaka, Denis Y.; Sousa, Loise Araújo de; Barbosa, José Diomedes; Moreira, Ângela Nunes; Salvarani, Felipe Masiero; Conceição, Fabrı́cio R.

doi:10.3390/toxins10100381

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…There was a linear increase in the immune response between the amount of antigen per vaccine dose and the titers of neutralizing antibodies to α and β toxins. This correlation was similar to that found by Otaka et al (2017) when testing concentrations of 100, 200 and 400µg of recombinant Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins C and D in buffalo, and also by Moreira et al (2018) in bovine species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…On day 56 after the first vaccine dose, moment in which the vaccine efficiency is evaluated, through the potency test in the target species according to the literature (Moreira et al 2016, 2018, Otaka et al 2017, blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture. After clot formation, centrifugation was performed at 3000g for 5 minutes to obtain serum, which was stored at -20°C until further use.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clostridium perfringens α and β recombinant toxoids in equine immunization

et al. 2020

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Clostridium perfringens is considered one of the main causative agents of superacute enterocolitis, usually fatal in the equine species, due to the action of the β toxin, and is responsible for causing severe myonecrosis, by the action of the α toxin. The great importance of this agent in the equine economy is due to high mortality and lack of vaccines, which are the main form of prevention, which guarantee the immunization of this animal species. The aim of this study was to evaluate three different concentrations (100, 200 and 400μg) of C. perfringens α and β recombinant toxoids in equine immunization and to compare with a group vaccinated with a commercial toxoid. The commercial vaccine was not able to stimulate an immune response and the recombinant vaccine was able to induce satisfactory humoral immune response in vaccinated horses, proving to be an alternative prophylactic for C. perfringens infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clostridium perfringens α and β recombinant toxoids in equine immunization

et al. 2020

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“…The morbidity rate of this disease can range from 0.1 to 100%, and the number of animals affected may depend on the vaccination program performed by the producer [10]. However, the lethality rate is always very high, close to 100% [9,15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The emergency measures performed during this outbreak, such as vaccination against botulism, the correct disposal of decomposed organic matter in pastures, adequate mineral supplementation, and provision of good quality water and food were decisive to control the disease at the farm [10]. Vaccination is still considered the most effective prophylactic measure, especially when added to other preventive actions [5,8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Botulism in Cattle Associated with Osteophagy in the State of Acre, Brazil

Nobre

Silva

Costa

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background:Botulism is a non-febrile intoxication resulting from the ingestion of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins manifested by partial or complete flaccid paralysis of the musculature of locomotion, swallowing and respiration. The objective of this study was to report the first case of botulinum intoxication associated with osteopathy in the state of Acre, as well as to alert breeders and veterinarians to the incidence of this disease in cattle farming. Case: The present report is an outbreak of botulism in the municipality of Acrelândia, in the state of Acre, which resulted in the death of 16 Nelore beef cattle in approximately 30 days. The affected animals were females in reproductive phase maintained under extensive breeding system. The main clinical signs presented were weakness in the pelvic limbs, prostration, recumbency and death in less than 48 h. Only one animal, with similar symptomatology, was found alive and submitted to emergency therapeutic measures, but without success. During the necropsy of this bovine, no significant changes were found, only related to the decubitus and agony time, except for fragments of long bones visualized in the reticulum. Samples of bone particles, ruminal contents, reticulum, rumen and intestine fragments were collected for the detection of botulinum toxins by the mouse bioassay method, as well as brain and brain stem for differential diagnosis of rabies and bovine spongiform encephalopathy by direct immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The samples were sent to the Laboratory of General Bacteriology of the Biological Institute, São Paulo, Brazil, and all the analyzes presented negative results. Discussion: One of the main risk factors for the occurrence of botulinum toxin is the presence of carcasses in the pastures, added to the deficiency of phosphorus and other minerals. The cattle develop the habit of gnawing bones and tissues from dead animals in the field. With this exercise, animals can ingest pre-formed toxins in corpses, as decomposing remains offer an anaerobic environment conducive to spore development and toxin production. Bovine females, in breeding, present greater nutritional need than adult males and younger animals. This is because the reproductive phase increases the demands of minerals, vitamins and organic compounds that participate in the female's reproductive physiological process. In this case, the inadequate supply of minerals may stimulate the osteopagic practice of cadaveric remains in the pastures, making the bovids susceptible to botulism. Diagnosis is established by means of clinical signs, epidemiological characteristics and absence of specific anatomopathological findings. Confirmation is given by the isolation of the toxin in the body of the diseased animal. However, the lack of detection of this does not rule out the possibility of occurrence of the disease, in view of the rapid passage of the neurotoxin through the hematogenous route and through the tissues before reaching the neuromuscular junctions. In suspect c...

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“…Over the last decade, studies involving the production and evaluation of clostridial recombinant vaccines have shown that these immunobiological agents are an important alternative to inducing humoral immune responses in farm animals, achieving higher neutralizing antibody titers when compared to conventional commercial vaccines [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Thus, the objective of this study was to serve as a pioneer in the use, evaluation and comparison of the humoral immune response duration in horses immunized with recombinant vaccines containing different concentrations (100, 200 and 400 µg) of C. perfringens recombinant alpha (rCPA) and beta (rCPB) proteins for 12 months.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humoral Immune Response Evaluation in Horses Vaccinated with Recombinant Clostridium perfringens Toxoids Alpha and Beta for 12 Months

Freitas

Otaka

Galvão

et al. 2021

Toxins

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In horses, Clostridium perfringens is associated with acute and fatal enterocolitis, which is caused by a beta toxin (CPB), and myonecrosis, which is caused by an alpha toxin (CPA). Although the most effective way to prevent these diseases is through vaccination, specific clostridial vaccines for horses against C. perfringens are not widely available. The aim of this study was to pioneer the immunization of horses with three different concentrations (100, 200 and 400 µg) of C. perfringens recombinant alpha (rCPA) and beta (rCPB) proteins, as well as to evaluate the humoral immune response over 360 days. Recombinant toxoids were developed and applied to 50 horses on days 0 and 30. Those vaccines attempted to stimulate the production of alpha antitoxin (anti-CPA) and beta antitoxin (anti-CPB), in addition to becoming innocuous, stable and sterile. There was a reduction in the level of neutralizing anti-CPA and anti-CPB antibodies following the 60th day; therefore, the concentrations of 200 and 400 µg capable of inducing a detectable humoral immune response were not determined until day 180. In practical terms, 200 µg is possibly the ideal concentration for use in the veterinary industry’s production of vaccines against the action of C. perfringens in equine species.

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Immunogenicity of a Bivalent Non-Purified Recombinant Vaccine against Botulism in Cattle

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

Clostridium perfringens α and β recombinant toxoids in equine immunization

Clostridium perfringens α and β recombinant toxoids in equine immunization

Botulism in Cattle Associated with Osteophagy in the State of Acre, Brazil

Humoral Immune Response Evaluation in Horses Vaccinated with Recombinant Clostridium perfringens Toxoids Alpha and Beta for 12 Months

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