Immunogenicity of combined diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine given at 2, 3, and 4 months versus 3, 5, and 9 months of age

Booy, Robert; Taylor, Stephen; Tudor‐Williams, Gareth; Moxon, E. Richard; Aitken, S; Griffiths, Helen; Chapel, H M; Ashworth, L.A.E.; MacFarlane, J. A.; Mayon-White, Richard

doi:10.1016/0140-6736(92)90336-2

Cited by 104 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…For example, infants vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis at 2, 3, and 4 months of age generate lower-magnitude antibody responses than infants immunized at 3, 5, and 9 months (30). The only adjuvants approved by the FDA for use in commercial pediatric vaccines in the United States are aluminum salts, but in other areas of the world, additional adjuvants, such as the oil-in-water adjuvant MF-59, are also used.…”

Section: Infants Are Able To Develop Robust Immune Responses To Non-hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting Adult and Infant Immune Responses to HIV Infection and Vaccination

Martinez

Permar

Fouda

2016

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Extensive studies have demonstrated that infant immune responses are distinct from those of adults. Despite these differences, infant immunization can elicit protective immune responses at levels comparable to or, in some cases, higher than adult immune responses to many vaccines. To date, only a few HIV vaccine candidates have been tested in infant populations, and none of them evaluated vaccine efficacy. Recent exciting studies showing that HIV-infected infants can develop broad neutralizing antibody responses and that some HIV vaccine regimens can elicit high levels of potentially protective antibodies in infants provide support for the development and testing of HIV vaccines in pediatric populations. In this review, we discuss the differences in adult and infant immune responses in the setting of HIV infection and vaccination.

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Section: Infants Are Able To Develop Robust Immune Responses To Non-hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting Adult and Infant Immune Responses to HIV Infection and Vaccination

Martinez

Permar

Fouda

2016

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…Protection of the very young is best effected through strong herd immunity achieved by high levels of vaccine uptake among older siblings because there is little passive protection from the mother. In order to try to reduce the incidence and severity of whooping cough in very young children, an accelerated schedule was introduced in June 1990, in which children as young as 2 months were given their first dose of pertussis vaccine [24]. DNA type 2, which was absent from the 180 isolates fingerprinted in this study, accounted for 15 % (10 out of 67) of the selected isolates typed between September 1990 to March 1991 [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Application of pulsed field gel electrophoresis to the 1993 epidemic of whooping cough in the UK

et al. 1995

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SUMMARYThe purpose of this study was to DNA fingerprint the majority (64 %) of isolates received at the Pertussis Reference Laboratory during the 1993 whooping cough epidemic by pulsed field gel electrophoresis of Xba I -generated restriction digests. Two DNA restriction patterns, types 1 and 3, predominated (40% and 23 %, respectively, of 180 isolates) but type 2, identified in a previous study was notably absent. Twenty-one new DNA types occurred (24% of isolates), some being atypical as bands 155-230 kb were no longer conserved, but there was no statistically significant difference in their incidence in the upswing (JuneSeptember) compared to the downswing (October-December) phase of the epidemic. There was a relatively high proportion of new types, compared to type 1, at the peak (September). About 50 % of isolates received were from the North Western Region, where 44 % of isolates were DNA type 1. Whereas only 1 out of 10 isolates from Scotland were of this type, suggesting some geographic variation. Statistically significant findings included a higher proportion of isolates from female patients (P < 0-01), most marked in the 12-24 months age group (P < 0 05); a higher proportion of infants under 12 months requiring hospital admission compared to older children (P < 005); and a greater number of isolates from unvaccinated children (P < 0-01). Analysis of serotype according to four age groups (under 3 months, 3-12 months, 12-24 months and above 2 years) showed statistically significant differences (P < 0 05) with a noticeably lower proportion (38%) of serotype 1,3 in 3-12 months age group and higher prevalence (74%) of serotype 1,3 in the 12-24 months age group. There was no correlation between DNA type and serotype.

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“…IgG antigen-speci®c antibodies were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at the Department of Clinical Immunology, Oxford Radcliffe Hospital, in samples sent by post. The ELISA methods used have previously been described as follows: tetanus, 8 diphtheria, 8 Hib, 9,10 pneumococcal polysaccharides. 10,11 There was no national EQA scheme for the latter during the period of the study, although a pilot scheme has recently been started.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of assays of serum IgG subclasses and IgG antigen-specific antibodies in the investigation of recurrent infection

Read¹,

Williams²

2000

Ann Clin Biochem

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SUMMARY.Patients who have recurrent infections require laboratory investigation for possible underlying immunode®ciency. We retrospectively evaluated the usefulness of two relevant assays (serum IgG subclass concentration and levels of IgG antigen-speci®c antibodies to a panel of relevant carbohydrate and protein antigens) in the management of patients referred to a regional clinical immunology service over a 3-year period. Of 97 patients for whom both assays were performed, ®ve (5´2%) had a low result for IgG subclasses but this did not in¯uence the management of any patient; 51 patients (53%) had a low result for antigen-speci®c antibodies and this in¯uenced management in 43 cases. We conclude that knowledge of the serum IgG subclass concentrations is of dubious relevance and this calls into question whether the assay should continue to be offered. This regional service has ceased to perform the assay routinely in such patients. Our ®ndings require con®rmation by a larger multicentre study that should assess the clinical outcome of any changes in practice.

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Immunogenicity of combined diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine given at 2, 3, and 4 months versus 3, 5, and 9 months of age

Cited by 104 publications

References 15 publications

Contrasting Adult and Infant Immune Responses to HIV Infection and Vaccination

Contrasting Adult and Infant Immune Responses to HIV Infection and Vaccination

Application of pulsed field gel electrophoresis to the 1993 epidemic of whooping cough in the UK

Evaluation of assays of serum IgG subclasses and IgG antigen-specific antibodies in the investigation of recurrent infection

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