Immunogenicity of COVID‐19 mRNA vaccines in hemodialysis patients: Systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract

Background and Aims Vaccine response is a concern in hemodialysis patients. Given that hemodialysis patients were not included in clinical trials, we aimed to synthesize the available evidence on the immunogenicity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) mRNA vaccines in hemodialysis patients. Methods We searched Scopus, PubMed, Sciencedirect, and finally google scholar databases for studies on COVID‐19 mRNA‐vaccines immunogenicity in hemodialysis patients up to December 1, 2021. Eligible articles measured antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) spike or Receptor‐Binding Domain Antibody (S/RBD) postimmunization with COVID‐19 mRNA vaccines. The immunogenicity of the vaccine was evaluated using seroconversion rates measured between 21 and 30 days after the first immunization and between 14 and 36 days post the second dose. We included studies including participants without a history of COVID‐19 before vaccination. Healthy controls or health‐care workers served as the control groups. After selecting eligible articles, the data were finally extracted from included articles. We used a random effects model to estimate the pooled seroconversion rate after COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine administration. We assessed the heterogeneity between studies with the I 2 statistical index. Result We selected 39 eligible citations comprising 806 cases and 336 controls for the first dose and 6314 cases and 927 controls for the second dose for statistical analysis. After the first dose of mRNA vaccines, the seroconversion rate was 36% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.24–0.47) and 68% (95% CI: 0.45–0.91) in hemodialysis patients and the control group, respectively. While seroconversion rate after the second dose of mRNA vaccines was 86% (95% CI: 0.81–0.91) and 100% (95% CI: 1.00–1.00) in hemodialysis patients and the control group, respectively. Conclusion Although the immune response of hemodialysis patients to the second dose of the SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccine is very promising, the seroconversion rate of dialysis patients is lower than healthy controls. Periodically assessment of antibody levels of hemodialysis patients at short intervals is recommended.

Vaccination and Nutritional Outcomes of Hemodialysis Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2

“…In addition, as other authors have shown (El Karoui & De Vriese, 2022; Oliver & Blake, 2022), we found that vaccination reduced the need for hospital admission. Moreover, we found that the number of vaccine doses received influenced the presence or absence of symptoms, supporting recent findings that show that the clinical efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination in HD patients increases substantially with the number of doses (Ashby et al, 2022; Falahi et al, 2022; Hernández-Porto et al, 2022). Therefore, studies such as ours could contribute to encourage vaccination among the unvaccinated population by adding new evidence of its efficacy in clinical samples.…”

Real‐time impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on cutaneous leishmaniasis case finding and strategic planning, preventive interventions, control and epidemiology in a region with a high burden of cutaneous leishmaniasis and COVID‐19: A cross‐sectional descriptive study based on registry data in Ilam‐Iran

“…91 Since the COVID-19 pandemic has forced healthcare services and finances toward prevention strategies, including vaccination campaigns against this devastating viral infection, there are progressive concerns regarding the considerable disruptions in the control programs against various parasitic diseases, such as CL, and the subsequent rise in affected patients. 55,58 As Figure 15 Previous reports demonstrated the effectiveness of the rodent control program implementation, the retraining courses, and the implementation of health education programs for healthcare personnel and inhabitants of endemic regions in controlling CL. [62][63][64][65][66] Hence, establishing and empowering these actions could be recommended to control CL in Ilm County and other endemic regions.…”

“…So, CL could be a serious threat to pilgrims on these occasions 91 . Since the COVID‐19 pandemic has forced healthcare services and finances toward prevention strategies, including vaccination campaigns against this devastating viral infection, there are progressive concerns regarding the considerable disruptions in the control programs against various parasitic diseases, such as CL, and the subsequent rise in affected patients 55,58 …”

“…[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] Iran is one of the regions severely affected by the current pandemic, and the emergence of COVID-19 has had a significant impact on the burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases worldwide as well as in Iran. [15][16][17]19,20,28,35,37,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56] Many infectious diseases directly or indirectly impact each other and can impact clinical features or epidemiological picture of another infection. 16,24,[50][51][52] The World Health Organization (WHO) published a guideline on maintaining essential healthcare services during the viral pandemic.…”

Maternal COVID-19 infection and the fetus: Immunological and neurological perspectives

“…Additionally, an increase in adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth in women with COVID-19 compared to uninfected pregnant women, has been reported [ 11 , 14 , 15 ]. The likelihood of their neonates being hospitalized is also three times higher, although several vaccines and traditional and modern treatment platforms have been developed and evaluated for COVID-19[ [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] ]. While many studies have investigated neurological symptoms in adults with COVID-19, limited studies have yet been conducted on neurological morbidities in children exposed to COVID-19 in utero [ [20] , [21] , [22] ].…”