Immunogenicity of Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccine in Vietnamese Health-Care Workers

Châu, Nguyễn Văn Vĩnh; Nguyet, Lam Anh; Truong, Nguyen Thanh; Toan, Le Mau; Dung, Nguyen Thanh; Hung, Le Manh; Nhan, Mai Thanh; Man, Dinh Nguyen Huy; Ngoc, Nghiêm My; Thao, Huynh Phuong; Tu, Tran Nguyen Hoang; Kim, Huynh; Hung, Do Thai; Ny, Nguyen Thi Han; Thanh, Le Kim; Anh, Nguyen To; Hong, Nguyen Thi Thu; Nhu, Le Nguyen Truc; Yen, Lam Minh; Choisy, Marc; Thanh, Tran Tan; Thwaites, Guy; Tan, Le Van

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.21-0849

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, such roles remain largely uninvestigated for SARS-CoV-2 (65). However virus neutralization is one of the main mechanisms by which COVID-19 vaccines work (67)(68), and may be more likely to offer sterile immunity compared to other antibody mediated mechanisms. Understanding antibody kinetics, both quantities and functions will be important in informing current vaccination strategies, and in the development of second generation COVID-19 vaccines that could offer sterile immunity, and the much-needed long term protection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of naturally induced binding and neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and potencies among Kenyan patients with diverse grades of COVID-19 severity

Kimotho

Sein

Sayed

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Given the low levels of COVID-19 vaccine coverage in Sub-Saharan Africa, despite high levels of natural SARS-CoV-2 exposures, strategies for extending the breadth and longevity of naturally acquired immunity are warranted. Designing such strategies will require a good understanding of natural immunity. Methods: We used ELISA to measure whole-spike IgG and spike-receptor binding domain (RBD) total immunoglobulins (Igs) on 585 plasma samples collected longitudinally over five successive time points within six months of COVID-19 diagnosis in 309 COVID-19 patients. We measured antibody neutralizing potency against the wild-type (Wuhan) SARS-CoV-2 pseudo-virus in a subset of 51 patients over three successive time points. Binding and neutralizing antibody levels and potencies were then tested for correlations with COVID-19 severities, graded according to the National Institute of Health (NIH), USA criteria. Results: Rates of sero-conversion increased from Day 0 (day of PCR testing) to Day 180 (six months) (63.6% to 100 %) and (69.3 % to 97%) for anti-spike IgG and anti-spike-RBD binding Igs, respectively. Levels of these binding antibodies peaked at Day 28 (P<0.0001) and were subsequently maintained for six months without significant decay (p>0.99). Similarly, antibody neutralizing potencies peaked at Day 28 (p<0.0001) but had decreased by three-folds, six months after COVID-19 diagnosis (p<0.0001). Binding antibodies levels were highly correlated with neutralizing antibody potencies at all the time points analyzed (r>0.6, P<0.0001). Levels and potencies of binding and neutralizing antibodies increased with disease severity. Conclusion: Most COVID-19 patients from Sub-Saharan Africa generate SARS-CoV-2 specific binding antibodies that remain stable during the first six months of infection. Although antibody binding levels and neutralizing potencies were directly correlated, the respective neutralizing antibodies decayed three-fold by the sixth month of COVID-19 diagnosis suggesting that they are short-lived, consistent with what has been observed elsewhere. Thus, just like for other populations, regular vaccination boosters will be required to broaden and sustain the high levels of predominantly naturally acquired anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of naturally induced binding and neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and potencies among Kenyan patients with diverse grades of COVID-19 severity

Kimotho

Sein

Sayed

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…The present study has been conducted at HTD in Ho Chi Minh City since March 2021. 15 HTD is a 550-bed tertiary referral hospital for patients with infectious diseases in southern Vietnam. HTD has ∼900 members of staff and has been responsible for receiving COVID-19 patients of all severities in Southern Vietnam since the beginning of the pandemic.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The detailed descriptions about the study cohort have previously been reported. 15 In brief, a total of 554 individuals were enrolled at baseline, and 144 were selected for followed up from the second dose onward. Two doses of Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (ChAdOx1-S) were given as part of the primary course, completed by the first week of May 2021.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Neutralizing Antibodies against Omicron Variant in Vietnamese Healthcare Workers after Primary Immunization with ChAdOx1-S and Booster Immunization with BNT162b2

Châu¹,

Nguyet²,

Dung³

et al. 2023

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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We studied the development and persistence of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain, and Delta and Omicron (BA.1 and BA.2) variants in Vietnamese healthcare workers (HCWs) up to 15 weeks after booster vaccination. We included 47 HCWs, including group 1 (G1, N = 21) and group 2 (G2; N = 26) without and with breakthrough Delta variant infection before booster immunization, respectively). The study participants had completed primary immunization with ChAdOx1-S and booster vaccination with BNT162b2. Neutralizing antibodies were measured using a surrogate virus neutralization assay. Of the 21 study participants in G1, neutralizing antibodies against ancestral strain, Delta variant, BA.1, and BA.2 were (almost) abolished at month 8 after the second dose, but all had detectable neutralizing antibodies to the study viruses at week 2 post booster dose. Of the 26 study participants in G2, neutralizing antibody levels to BA.1 and BA.2 were significantly higher than those to the corresponding viruses measured at week 2 post breakthrough infection and before the booster dose. At week 15 post booster vaccination, neutralizing antibodies to BA.1 and BA.2 dropped significantly, with more profound changes observed in those without breakthrough Delta variant infection. Booster vaccination enhanced neutralizing activities against ancestral strain and Delta variant compared with those induced by primary vaccination. These responses were maintained at high levels for at least 15 weeks. Our findings emphasize the importance of the first booster dose in producing cross-neutralizing antibodies against Omicron variant. A second booster to maintain long-term vaccine effectiveness against the currently circulating variants merits further research.

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“…The detailed descriptions about the study cohort have previously been reported [15]. In brief, a total of 554 individuals were enrolled at baseline, and 144 were selected for followed up from the second dose onward.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present study has been conducted at HTD in HCMC since March 2021 [15]. HTD is a 550-bed tertiary referral hospital for patients with infectious diseases in southern Vietnam.…”

Section: Setting and The Vaccine Evaluation Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of neutralising antibodies against Omicron variant in Vietnamese healthcare workers after primary immunisation with ChAdOx1-S and booster with BNT162b2

Châu

Nguyet

Dung

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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We studied the development and persistence of neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain, and Delta and Omicron (BA.1 and BA.2) variants in Vietnamese healthcare workers (HCWs) up to 15 weeks after booster vaccination. We included 47 HCWs with different pre-existing immune statuses (group 1 (G1): n=21, and group 2 (G2): n=26 without and with prior breakthrough Delta variant infection, respectively). The study participants had completed primary immunisation with ChAdOx1-S and booster vaccination with BNT162b2. Neutralising antibodies were measured using a surrogate virus neutralisation assay. Of the 21 study participants in G1, neutralising antibodies against ancestral strain, Delta variant, BA.1 and BA.2 were (almost) abolished at month 8 after the second dose, but all had detectable neutralising antibodies to the study viruses at week two post booster dose. Of the 26 study participants in G2, neutralising antibody levels to BA.1 and BA.2 were significantly higher than those to the corresponding viruses measured at week 2 post breakthrough infection and before the booster dose. At week 15 post booster vaccination, neutralising antibodies to BA.1 and BA.2 dropped significantly, with more profound changes observed in those without breakthrough Delta variant infection. Booster vaccination enhanced neutralising activities against ancestral strain and Delta variant, as compared to those induced by primary vaccination. These responses were maintained at high levels for at least 15 weeks. Our findings emphasise the importance of the first booster dose in producing cross-neutralising antibodies against Omicron variant. A second booster dose might be needed to maintain long-term protection against Omicron variant.

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Immunogenicity of Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccine in Vietnamese Health-Care Workers

Cited by 19 publications

References 16 publications

Kinetics of naturally induced binding and neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and potencies among Kenyan patients with diverse grades of COVID-19 severity

Kinetics of naturally induced binding and neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and potencies among Kenyan patients with diverse grades of COVID-19 severity

Kinetics of Neutralizing Antibodies against Omicron Variant in Vietnamese Healthcare Workers after Primary Immunization with ChAdOx1-S and Booster Immunization with BNT162b2

Kinetics of neutralising antibodies against Omicron variant in Vietnamese healthcare workers after primary immunisation with ChAdOx1-S and booster with BNT162b2

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