Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 Vaccine in People with Diabetes: A Prospective Observational Study

Papadokostaki, Eleni; Tentolouris, Anastasios; Anastasiou, Ioanna A.; Psichogiou, Mina; Iliaki, Evangelia; Eleftheriadou, Ioanna; Hatzakis, Angelos; Tentolouris, Nikolaοs

doi:10.3390/vaccines10030382

Cited by 21 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, hyperglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes results in weak immunity, indicating that poor glycemic control can indeed impair the antibody producing branch of adaptive immunity. Two independent studies reported similar results (186,187).…”

Section: Response To Vaccination and Metabolically Active Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Respiratory Tract Infections in Diabetes – Lessons From Tuberculosis and Influenza to Guide Understanding of COVID-19 Severity

et al. 2022

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Patients with type-2 diabetes (T2D) are more likely to develop severe respiratory tract infections. Such susceptibility has gained increasing attention since the global spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in early 2020. The earliest reports marked T2D as an important risk-factor for severe forms of disease and mortality across all adult age groups. Several mechanisms have been proposed for this increased susceptibility, including pre-existing immune dysfunction, a lack of metabolic flexibility due to insulin resistance, inadequate dietary quality or adverse interactions with antidiabetic treatments or common comorbidities. Some mechanisms that predispose patients with T2D to severe COVID-19 may indeed be shared with other previously characterized respiratory tract infections. Accordingly, in this review, we give an overview of response to Influenza A virus and to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections. Similar risk factors and mechanisms are discussed between the two conditions and in the case of COVID-19. Lastly, we address emerging approaches to address research needs in infection and metabolic disease, and perspectives with regards to deployment or repositioning of metabolically active therapeutics.

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Section: Response To Vaccination and Metabolically Active Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Respiratory Tract Infections in Diabetes – Lessons From Tuberculosis and Influenza to Guide Understanding of COVID-19 Severity

et al. 2022

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“…One study’s population consisted of DM patients, but the number was not mentioned ( 27 ). Eleven of the studies had controls ( 27 , 29 , 30 , 32 – 35 , 37 , 38 , 41 , 42 ), while five of them did not ( 27 , 28 , 31 , 39 , 40 ). Type of diabetes was specifically mentioned in six studies; four were T2DM ( 27 , 32 , 34 , 42 ), and two were both T1DM and T2DM ( 35 , 38 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eleven of the studies had controls ( 27 , 29 , 30 , 32 – 35 , 37 , 38 , 41 , 42 ), while five of them did not ( 27 , 28 , 31 , 39 , 40 ). Type of diabetes was specifically mentioned in six studies; four were T2DM ( 27 , 32 , 34 , 42 ), and two were both T1DM and T2DM ( 35 , 38 ). In terms of the type of vaccine; BNT162b2 was assessed in twelve of the studies ( 27 , 28 , 30 , 32 , 33 , 35 , 37 – 39 , 41 , 42 ), mRNA-1273 was assessed in two of the studies ( 32 , 35 ), CoronaVac, Sinopharm or SinoVac were assessed in four studies ( 28 , 29 , 31 , 39 ), ChAdOx1-S was assessed in four studies ( 32 , 34 , 35 , 40 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review

Boroumand

Forouhi

Karimi³

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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PurposeTo evaluate the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) through a systematic approach.MethodA comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science with no time restrictions. The search was based on the three main concepts: Covid-19, Vaccine immunogenicity and Diabetes Mellitus.ResultsAfter excluding irrelevant studies, 16 studies remained for the quantitative assay. Among the sixteen studies, eleven had controls. Type of diabetes was specifically mentioned in six studies (T2DM; n=4, T1DM and T2DM; n=2). Twelve of the included studies were conducted on the immunogenicity of vaccines that included mRNA vaccines (i.e. BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273) in DM, five studies included vector-based vaccines (i.e. Ad5-nCoV and ChAdOx1-S), and five studies assessed the immunogenicity of vaccines in DM, including inactivated vaccines (i.e. BBV-152, CoronaVac, Sinopharm or SinoVac). Most of the current studies indicate lower antibody response in patients with DM compared to individuals without DM, after the second dose of vaccine and irrespective of vaccine type. Several studies have shown that higher age and higher BMI are associated with lower antibody response, while optimum glycemic control and higher GFR are associated with higher antibody response among patients with DM.ConclusionImmunogenicity of the vaccines has mostly been reported to be lower among patients with DM compared to healthy controls. There are also few studies assessing variables that significantly affect this association, including age, type of diabetes, BMI, glycemic control and eGFR. Investigating these associations could help us provide the most advantageous condition for patients with DM before, during and after vaccination for optimum antibody response. Many unresolved issues concerning potential factors affecting vaccine immunogenicity, including type of vaccine, numbers of administered doses, re-vaccination intervals and hyperglycemia in patients with DM need to be addressed through future research.

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“…There have been lots of studies showing comparable safety and effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in special population (e.g., diabetes, solid organ transplant, autoimmune disease patients), which greatly promoted the vaccination in senior people with and without underlying diseases [18][19][20][21] . Systematic evaluation of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine safety and effectiveness in people with common diseases has been rare.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity and safety of the CoronaVac inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in people with underlying medical conditions: a retrospective study

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: People living with chronic disease, particularly seniors older than 60 years old, are lagging behind in the national vaccination campaign in China due to uncertainty of safety and effectiveness. However, this special population made up of most severe symptom and death cases among infected patients and should be prioritized in vaccination program. In this retrospective study, we assessed the safety and immunogenicity of the CoronaVac inactivated vaccines in people with underlying medical conditions to address the vaccine hesitation in this special population. Methods: In this cohort study, volunteers aged 40 years and older, had received two doses of CoronaVac inactivated vaccines (3-5 weeks interval), been healthy or with at least one of the six diseases: coronary heart disease (CAD), hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic respiratory disease (CRD), obesity and cancer, were recruited from 4 study sites in China. The primary safety outcome was the incidence of adverse events within 14 days after each dose of vaccination. The primary immunogenic outcome was geometric mean titer (GMT) of neutralizing antibodies to living SARS-CoV-2 virus at 14-28 days, 3 months, and 6 months after full two-dose vaccination. This study is registered with ChiCTR.org.cn (ChiCTR2200058281) and is active but no longer recruiting. Findings: Among 1,302 volunteers screened between Jul 5 and Dec 30, 2021, 969 were eligible and enrolled in our cohort, including 740 living with underlying medical conditions and 229 as healthy control. All of them formed the safety cohort. The overall incidence of adverse reactions was 150 (20.27%) of 740 in the comorbidities group versus 32 (13.97%) of 229 in the healthy group, with significant difference (P=0.0334). The difference was mainly contributed by fatigue and injection-site pain in some groups. Most adverse reactions were mild (Grade 1). We did not observe any serious adverse events related to vaccination. By day 14-28 post vaccination, the seroconversion rates and GMT of neutralizing antibody showed no significant difference between disease group and healthy group, except CAD group (P=0.03) and CRD group (P=0.04) showed slight reduction. By day 90, the neutralizing antibody GMTs were significantly reduced in each group, with no significant difference between diseases and healthy group. By day 180, the neutralizing antibody continued to decrease in each group, but with slower declination. Interpretation: For people living with chronic disease especially seniors older than 60 years, the CoronaVac vaccines are as safe as in healthy people. Although the immunogenicity is slightly different in subgroup of some diseases compared with that of the healthy population, the overall trend was consistent. Our findings highlight the evidence to address vaccine hesitancy for seniors and people living with chronic diseases. Funding: Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department (202102AA100051 and 202003AC100010, China), Sinovac Biotech Ltd (PRO-nCOV-4004).

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Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 Vaccine in People with Diabetes: A Prospective Observational Study

Cited by 21 publications

References 17 publications

Respiratory Tract Infections in Diabetes – Lessons From Tuberculosis and Influenza to Guide Understanding of COVID-19 Severity

Respiratory Tract Infections in Diabetes – Lessons From Tuberculosis and Influenza to Guide Understanding of COVID-19 Severity

Immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review

Immunogenicity and safety of the CoronaVac inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in people with underlying medical conditions: a retrospective study

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