Immunoglobulin AMG Anti Natural Disaccharide Octyl - Leprosy IDRI Diagnostic (NDO-LID) Serologic Test for Leprosy Diagnosis: a Pilot Study

Abstract

Leprosy remains a public health problem in Indonesia. Diagnostic tools have been developed in order to aid early diagnosis and prompt treatment. Phenolic glycolipid (PGL)-1 has been considered as a good candidate for leprosy diagnosis but has been found to have several limitations. More recently, the conjugation between natural disaccharide octyl (NDO) and leprosy IDRI diagnostic (LID)-1, known as NDO-LID, shows great promise because of its high specificity and sensitivity and its ability to detect leprosy before any clinical signs are present. The test incorporates the detection of IgM antibodies towards NDO and IgG antibodies towards LID-1. This study aimed to show the profile of IgM, IgG, and IgAMG antibody titers against NDO-LID to further discover its diagnostic potential. Sera from eight new leprosy patients from Surabaya, Indonesia were evaluated using ELISA detecting levels of IgG, IgM and IgAMG antibodies against NDO-LID antigen. Skin slit biopsy was also taken for smear and histopathology test. This study shows that the titer levels IgAMG anti NDO-LID were consistent with the results from smear and were consistently higher compared to IgM or IgG titer alone. IgAMG might have the potential to improve the sensitivity of NDO-LID serologic tests but further investigation is needed.

HSP60 mimetic peptides from Mycobacterium leprae as new antigens for immunodiagnosis of Leprosy

“…Mimetic peptides MPML12 and MPML14 demonstrated very similar results, with low reactivity in paucibacillary patients a gradual increase in the percentage of positives as they approach the lepromatous pole. This characteristic is very similar to that found for the PGL-1 antigen (Fabri et al 2015 ; Do et al 2018 ; Van Hooij et al 2018 ; Leturiondo et al 2019 ; do Carmo Gonçalves et al 2020 ); and its synthetic derivatives ND-O-HSA (Lobato et al 2011 ; van Hooij et al 2018 ; Rumondor et al 2019 ), NT-P-BSA and NT-P-HSA ML Flow (Bührer-Sékula et al 2003 , 2007 ; Moura et al 2014 ; Ule Belotti et al 2021 ). MPML12 and MPML14 detected, respectively, 100.0% and 92.85% of the LL group, while LID-1 (Duthie et al 2011 ) and ML0405 (Duthie et al 2007 ), detected 97.7% and 67.0%, respectively, in multibacillary patients.…”

Advances in the Diagnosis of Leprosy

“…This test, when combined with a new mobile based platform (Smart Reader® application), can give measurable and reliable data to aid in leprosy diagnosis. It detects MB patients and, perhaps, HHC at a higher risk of acquiring MB leprosy, much as the other leprosy serological tests (32,(109)(110)(111)(112).…”

Diagnosis and Management of Leprosy

“…Recently, the conjugation between natural octac disaccharide (NDO) and IDRI leprosy diagnostic (LID) -1, known as NDO-LID, shows great possibility because of its high specificity and sensitivity and ability to detect leprosy before any clinical signs. 32,33 Another examination includes polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a simple and sensitive diagnostic tool used to detect, measure, and determine the viability of M. leprae, which significantly shows better results than other general microscopic examinations. This is based on specific sequence amplification of the M. leprae genome and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA) fragments identification.…”