Immunoglobulin classes in the hen's egg: Their segregation in yolk and white

Rose, Marie E.; Orlans, Eva; Buttress, N.

doi:10.1002/eji.1830040715

Cited by 262 publications

(152 citation statements)

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“…Previous studies have shown the presence of three immunoglobulin classes in birds (IgA, IgM and IgY), but IgY is found in higher concentration (5 to 15mg/mL) than IgM (1 to 3mg/mL) and IgA (0.3 to 0.5mg/mL) in serum (ROSE et al, 1974;KOWALCZYK et al, 1985). As for mammals, the IgM is the predominant isotype produced in the avian primary humoral response while IgY is the predominant form in the secondary response (DAVISON et al, 2008).…”

Section: Structural and Functional Features Of Igymentioning

confidence: 93%

“…However, the concentration of IgY in egg yolk varies greatly between different bird species and even between chicken lines (CARLANDER, 2002). Yolk IgY concentrations were reported to be in the range of 7.9mg/ml to 20-25mg/ ml (ROSE et al, 1974;KOWALCZYK et al, 1985), depending on the analytical method used. About 100-200mg of total IgY can be extracted from a single egg with 2-10% being antigen specifi c (SCHADE et al, 1994;CARLANDER, 2002).…”

Section: Transport Of Igy From the Serum To Egg Yolkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Avian IgY antibodies: characteristics and applications in immunodiagnostic

et al. 2014

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Section: Structural and Functional Features Of Igymentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Transport Of Igy From the Serum To Egg Yolkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian IgY antibodies: characteristics and applications in immunodiagnostic

et al. 2014

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“…Since that time, elegant empirical studies have further elucidated the mechanisms of antibody transmission and the subsequent utilization of antibodies by offspring (e.g. Brambell 1970;Solomon 1971a;Rose et al 1974;Kowalczyk et al 1985). However, the potential implications of maternal antibody transmission for evolutionary processes have been largely neglected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune function across generations: integrating mechanism and evolutionary process in maternal antibody transmission

Grindstaff

Brodie

Ketterson

2003

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

341

412

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The past 30 years of immunological research have revealed much about the proximate mechanisms of maternal antibody transmission and utilization, but have not adequately addressed how these issues are related to evolutionary and ecological theory. Much remains to be learned about individual differences within a species in maternal antibody transmission as well as differences among species in transmission or utilization of antibodies. Similarly, maternal-effects theory has generally neglected the mechanisms by which mothers influence offspring phenotype. Although the environmental cues that generate maternal effects and the consequent effects for offspring phenotype are often well characterized, the intermediary physiological and developmental steps through which the maternal effect is transmitted are generally unknown. Integration of the proximate mechanisms of maternal antibody transmission with evolutionary theory on maternal effects affords an important opportunity to unite mechanism and process by focusing on the links between genetics, environment and physiology, with the ultimate goal of explaining differences among individuals and species in the transfer of immune function from one generation to the next.

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“…Yolk contains IgY (IgG-like) while IgA and IgM are deposited in the egg albumen (Rose et al, 1974;Kovacs-Nolan and Mine, 2012;Bedrani et al, 2013). IgY, if present, occurs in very low concentration in egg albumen (Rose and Orlans, 1981).…”

Section: The Egg Albumenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the public health risks of table eggs due to deterioration and development of pathogens

2014

EFSA Journal

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Salmonella Enteritidis is considered the only pathogen currently posing a major risk of egg-borne diseases in the European Union (EU). The possible impact of extending the shelf-life of eggs on the risk to consumers posed by S. Enteritidis was estimated by applying a quantitative model and comparing the actual situation regarding the storage of eggs in the EU with different possible scenarios combined, considering the prolongation of the bestbefore and the sell-by date from 7 to a maximum of 70 days. Extending the sell-by date by one week (from 21 to 28 days), but leaving the best-before date unchanged, is estimated to result in a relative risk of illness of 1.4 and 1.5 for uncooked and lightly cooked egg meals respectively, compared to the current situation. If the best-before date is also extended by one week (from 28 to 35 days), the relative risk would be 1.6 and 1.7. In the worst case scenario considered (sell-by date of 42 days, best before date of 70 days), such figures would be 2.9 and 3.5. It should be noted that the absolute risk is greater for uncooked meals compared to lightly cooked meals. An effective way to minimise any increase in risk during extended storage is to keep the eggs refrigerated both at retail and the household. Regarding egg spoilage, such events strongly depend on the hygienic conditions of egg production and practices of egg handling, including storage times and temperatures. Finally, the impact of the prolongation of storage time on the quality criteria for eggs (3-hydroxybutyric acid and lactic acid) destined for manufacturing of egg products is considered negligible. Specifically, EFSA was asked to assess: (i) the public health risk posed by relevant pathogens and in particular by Salmonella in the consumption and handling of table eggs (Term of Reference, or ToR1), (ii) the public health risk deriving from deterioration (ToR2) and (iii) possible consequences for public health of an extended shelf-life of table eggs for the specific freshness criteria for egg products as laid out in the hygiene package (ToR3). © European Food Safety Authority, 2014 KEY WORDSIn order to answer the first ToR, the BIOHAZ Panel based its conclusions on the results of a quantitative model, aimed at describing the behaviour of Salmonella Enteritidis following vertical transmission, since this serovar is recognised to be the major pathogen related to egg-borne disease because of its ability to contaminate the interior of intact eggs during their formation within the body of an infected hen. The possible impact of extending the shelf-life of eggs on other serovars of Salmonella, as well as on other pathogens, is evaluated in a qualitative manner, with no individual serovar other than S. Enteritidis currently posing a major risk of egg-borne salmonellosis in the European Union (EU), although S. Typhimurium has been associated with relatively small outbreaks due to duck eggs. Trans-shell contamination (i.e. secondary contamination) is also discussed, but the impact of a prolongation of the shelf ...

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Immunoglobulin classes in the hen's egg: Their segregation in yolk and white

Abstract: Hen's egg yolk contains at least two antigen-binding subclasses of IgG, derived from the hen serum and transmitted t o the chick. IgM and IeA. absent in volkInstitute of Animal Physiology, Babraham, and in newly hatched chick serum, were detected in the white of unembrvonated Cambridge+

Cited by 262 publications

References 5 publications

Avian IgY antibodies: characteristics and applications in immunodiagnostic

Avian IgY antibodies: characteristics and applications in immunodiagnostic

Immune function across generations: integrating mechanism and evolutionary process in maternal antibody transmission

Scientific Opinion on the public health risks of table eggs due to deterioration and development of pathogens

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