Immunoglobulin E antibody reactivity to bacterial antigens in atopic dermatitis patients

Reginald, Kavita; Westritschnig, Kerstin; Werfel, Thomas; Heratizadeh, Annice; Novak, Natalija; Focke‐Tejkl, Margarete; Hirschl, Alexander M.; Leung, Donald Y.M.; Elisyutina, O G; Феденко, Е С; Valenta, Rudolf

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03655.x

Cited by 47 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…Indeed, AD skin is rarely infected with E. coli. 51,57 However, since AD skin is characterized by an increased rate of S. aureus skin infections, even in the presence of up-regulated S100A7, S100A8 and S100A9 expression, these molecules may be more important as pro-inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of the disease. In acute AD, these proteins might contribute to chemotaxis of immune cells, and particularly T-cells, which are highly increased in acute disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progressive activation of TH2/TH22 cytokines and selective epidermal proteins characterizes acute and chronic atopic dermatitis

Gittler

Shemer

Suárez‐Fariñas

et al. 2012

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

794

756

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Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common disease, with an increasing prevalence. The primary pathogenesis of the disease is still elusive, resulting in the lack of specific treatments. AD is currently considered a biphasic disease, with Th2 predominating acute disease, and a switch to Th1 characterizing chronic disease. Elucidation of the molecular factors that participate in the onset of new lesions and maintenance of chronic disease is critical for the development of targeted therapeutics. Objectives We sought to characterize the mechanisms underlying onset and maintenance of AD. Methods We investigated intrapersonal sets of transcriptomes from non-lesional, acute and chronic lesions of ten AD patients through genomic, molecular and cellular profiling. Results Our study associated the onset of acute lesions with a striking increase in a subset of terminal differentiation proteins, specifically the cytokine-modulated S100A7, S100A8, and S100A9. Acute disease was also associated with significant increases in gene expression levels of major Th22- and Th2- cytokines, and smaller increases in IL-17. A lesser induction of Th1-associated genes was detected in acute disease, although some were significantly up-regulated in chronic disease. Further significant intensification of major Th22 and Th2 cytokines was observed between acute and chronic lesions. Conclusions Our data identified increased S100A7, S100A8 and S100A9 gene expression with AD initiation, and concomitant activation of Th2 and Th22 cytokines. Our findings support a model of progressive activation of Th2 and Th22 immune axes from acute to chronic phases, expanding the prevailing view of pathogenesis, with important therapeutic implications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progressive activation of TH2/TH22 cytokines and selective epidermal proteins characterizes acute and chronic atopic dermatitis

Gittler

Shemer

Suárez‐Fariñas

et al. 2012

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

794

756

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Patients with more severe forms of AD (higher SCORAD values) showed more frequently IgE reactivity to S. aureus than patients with mild disease [51]. Patients with more severe forms of AD (higher SCORAD values) showed more frequently IgE reactivity to S. aureus than patients with mild disease [51].…”

Section: Microorganismsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Evaluation of the adult patient with atopic dermatitis

Weller

Röckmann

Knulst

et al. 2013

Clin Experimental Allergy

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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a large impact on quality of life of the patients and their families. In most cases, the diagnosis of AD can easily be made based on (family) history and clinical examination. If necessary, a practical set of diagnostic criteria such as the UK diagnostic criteria can be used. During the diagnostic phase, it is important to pay attention to atopic comorbidity, such as allergic airway disease (allergic asthma and/or rhinitis), allergic eye disease (atopic (kerato) conjunctivitis) and immediate-type food allergy. This will not have direct consequences for the treatment of AD, but may be important for the overall well-being of the patient. Psychological factors, such as family circumstances, work/school performance and lifestyle factors should also be explored. Severity scoring using properly validated scoring lists may not be necessary for the diagnosis, however, is recommended for monitoring therapy. Simple scoring systems, such as TIS and IGA are easy to perform in daily practice. Several flare factors in AD, such as exposure to irritants or UV light, can be identified by history and clinical examination: in individual cases, additional diagnostic tests may sometimes be useful to confirm clinical suspicion. There is only limited evidence that allergen exposure to aeroallergens and/or food allergens influences AD severity. Therefore, routine allergen testing is not necessary for diagnosis and treatment of AD. The decision to perform allergen tests mainly depends on atopic comorbidity.

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“…Although it has not been identified that bacteria could directly cause allergic disease, the involvement of bacterial agents like LPS and flagellin in initiation of allergic inflammation has been recently documented (Hammad et al, 2009; Le et al, 2010; Ortiz-Stern et al, 2011; Prescott et al, 2008; Reginald et al, 2011; Yang et al, 2009). Based on the important role of DCs in immune response and the observation that TSLP is mainly produced by epithelial cells via TLR-mediated innate response (Kinoshita et al, 2009; Le et al, 2010; Ma et al, 2009), we hypothesized that DCs are capable of producing TSLP in response to microbial pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A potential link between bacterial pathogens and allergic conjunctivitis by dendritic cells

Deng

Liu

et al. 2014

Experimental Eye Research

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The association and mechanism of bacteria linking to the allergic inflammation have not been well elucidated. This study was to explore a potential link between bacterial pathogens and allergic conjunctivitis by dendritic cells (DCs). Bone marrow-derived DCs from BALB/c and MyD88 knockout mice were treated with or without bacterial pathogens or thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). Two murine models of the topical challenge with LPS or flagellin and experimental allergic conjunctivitis (EAC) were used for in vivo study. The mRNA expression was determined by reverse transcription and real time PCR, and protein production was evaluated by ELISA, Western blotting, immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry. TSLP mRNA and protein were found to be largely induced by DCs challenged with microbial pathogens, highly by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and flagellin. The expression of MyD88, NFκB1, NFκB2 and RelA accompanied by NFκB p65 nuclear translocation and TSLP induction were significantly stimulated by flagellin, but blocked by TLR5 antibody or NFκB inhibitor in DCs from MyD88+/+ but not MyD88−/− mice. TSLP promoted the expression of CD40, CD80, OX40 ligand (OX40L), IL-13 and CCL17 by DCs. TSLP-producing DCs were identified in vivo in ocular surface conjunctiva and draining cervical lymph nodes from two murine models of topical challenge with LPS or flagellin, and EAC in BALB/c mice. TSLP/TSLPR/OX40L signaling was observed in DCs of EAC mice. Our findings demonstrate that DCs not only respond to TSLP, but also produce TSLP via TLR/MyD88/NFκB pathways in response to bacterial pathogens, suggesting a potential link between bacteria and allergic disease.

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Immunoglobulin E antibody reactivity to bacterial antigens in atopic dermatitis patients

Abstract: Background-Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting up to 20% children and 9% adults worldwide. AD patients are often sensitized against a broad variety of allergens and more than 90% of them suffer from skin superinfections with Staphylococcus aureus.

Cited by 47 publications

References 45 publications

Progressive activation of TH2/TH22 cytokines and selective epidermal proteins characterizes acute and chronic atopic dermatitis

Progressive activation of TH2/TH22 cytokines and selective epidermal proteins characterizes acute and chronic atopic dermatitis

Evaluation of the adult patient with atopic dermatitis

A potential link between bacterial pathogens and allergic conjunctivitis by dendritic cells

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