Immunoglobulin Isotypes in Atlantic Salmon, Salmo Salar

Hordvik, Ivar

doi:10.3390/biom5010166

Cited by 49 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Lacking both bone marrow and lymph nodes, the anterior kidney (or head kidney; HK), and spleen are the organs involved in teleost B cell maturation and differentiation 2 . IgM, IgD and IgT are the only immunoglobulin (Ig) classes identified in fish 3 , 4 . IgM is regarded as a universal vertebrate Ig and was the first teleost Ig to be characterized 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiling Atlantic salmon B cell populations: CpG-mediated TLR-ligation enhances IgM secretion and modulates immune gene expression

Jenberie

Thim

Sunyer

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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While TLR-activated pathways are key regulators of B cell responses in mammals, their impact on teleost B cells are scarcely addressed. Here, the potential of Atlantic salmon B cells to respond to TLR ligands was shown by demonstrating a constitutive expression of nucleic-acid sensing TLRs in magnetic sorted IgM+ cells. Of the two receptors recognizing CpG in teleosts, tlr9 was the dominating receptor with over ten-fold higher expression than tlr21. Upon CpG-stimulation, IgM secretion increased for head kidney (HK) and splenic IgM+ cells, while blood B cells were marginally affected. The results suggest that CpG directly affects salmon B cells to differentiate into antibody secreting cells (ASCs). IgM secretion was also detected in the non-treated controls, again with the highest levels in the HK derived population, signifying that persisting ASCs are present in this tissue. In all tissues, the IgM+ cells expressed high MHCII levels, suggesting antigen-presenting functions. Upon CpG-treatment the co-stimulatory molecules cd83 and cd40 were upregulated, while cd86 was down-regulated under the same conditions. Finally, ifna1 was upregulated upon CpG-stimulation in all tissues, while a restricted upregulation was evident for ifnb, proposing that salmon IgM+ B cells exhibit a type I IFN-response.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiling Atlantic salmon B cell populations: CpG-mediated TLR-ligation enhances IgM secretion and modulates immune gene expression

Jenberie

Thim

Sunyer

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…The adaptive immune system of fish, in general, resembles what is present in higher vertebrates, though differences exist [21,22]. One of the major challenges in understanding their adaptive immune responses is that salmonid fish species produce, in many instances, several paralogs/subtypes of immune molecules due to their partial tetrapoloidy [23,24]. This also applies to T cell biology [25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overexpression of T-bet, GATA-3 and TGF-ß Induces IFN-γ, IL-4/13A, and IL-17A Expression in Atlantic Salmon

Slettjord

Sekkenes

Chi

et al. 2020

Biology

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The overexpression of GATA-3, T-bet and TGF-ß may theoretically induce IL-4/A, IFN-γ and IL-17A expression, respectively. Whether this also applies to fish is not yet known. The plasmid vectors encoding reporter gene (RFP)-tagged T-bet, GATA-3 and TGF-ß were used as overexpression tools, transfected into cells or injected intramuscularly to monitor the expression of IFN-γ, IL-4/13A and IL-17A. In addition, the fish were either experimentally challenged with Vibrio anguillarum (VA group) or Piscirickettsia salmonis (PS group). The reporter gene (RFP) inserted upstream of the GATA-3, T-bet and TGF-ß genes, was observed in muscle cell nuclei and in inflammatory cells after intramuscular (i.m.) injection. PS group: following the injection of GATA-3 and T-bet-encoding plasmids, the expression of GATA-3 and T-bet was high at the injection site. The spleen expression of IFN-γ, following the injection of a T-bet-encoding plasmid, was significantly higher on day 2. VA group: The T-bet and GATA-3-overexpressing fish expressed high T-bet and GATA-3 mRNA levels in the muscles and on day 4 post-challenge. The expression of TGF-ß in the muscles of fish injected with TGF-ß-encoding plasmids was significantly higher on days 7 (8 days pre-challenge) and 19 (4 days after challenge). The protective effects of the overexpression of T-bet, GATA-3 and TGF-ß on both bacterial infections were negligible.

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“…Those researches have proven a good similarity of Zebrafish with Atlantic salmon (Robertsen et al . ; reviewed by Hordvik ), Turbot (Scopthalmus maximus ; Costa et al . ) and Channel Catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ; Pressley et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zebrafish as a useful model for immunological research with potential applications in aquaculture

Lee‐Estévez

Figueroa

Cosson³

et al. 2016

Reviews in Aquaculture

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The Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) is a Teleost fish, which offers several practical advantages concerning manipulation, maintenance and versatility as well as short life cycle, low cost and physiological similarity with most farmed species. Zebrafish have been used as model for several aquaculture‐relevant infectious agents, since the cost of infections to aquaculture can be great, making failure of immunity a major risk for commercial fish farming. This have allowed scientist to understand pathogens biology as well as fish immune response against infection, and thus have helped to improve disease control in aquaculture. This review summarizes the recent reports and main knowledge concerning the cellular and molecular aspects of the immune response in zebrafish and its potential applications in the fish farming industry. Several research results in zebrafish and other teleosts reveal that mucosal tissues have a strong and well‐structured immune response involving both innate and adaptive components. Together with the advantages of low maintenance cost, easy handling and genetic tools available, zebrafish comes up as a useful and reliable animal model for in vivo study of fish immune response and mechanisms as well as fish‐affecting infectious and inflammatory diseases which are a cause of concern for the aquaculture industry. Also, vaccines development, drugs screening and immunologically focused fish food assessment seem to be promising fields where zebrafish model can be used to generate positive impacts to the aquaculture practice.

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Immunoglobulin Isotypes in Atlantic Salmon, Salmo Salar

Cited by 49 publications

References 52 publications

Profiling Atlantic salmon B cell populations: CpG-mediated TLR-ligation enhances IgM secretion and modulates immune gene expression

Profiling Atlantic salmon B cell populations: CpG-mediated TLR-ligation enhances IgM secretion and modulates immune gene expression

Overexpression of T-bet, GATA-3 and TGF-ß Induces IFN-γ, IL-4/13A, and IL-17A Expression in Atlantic Salmon

Zebrafish as a useful model for immunological research with potential applications in aquaculture

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