Immunoglobulin M for Acute Infection: True or False?

Landry, Marie L.

doi:10.1128/cvi.00211-16

Cited by 95 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…These properties can lead to greater cross-reactivity and a diminished capacity to discriminate true from false binding. 16 Although our data, in agreement with the plethora of historical data, do not raise concern with regard to the sensitivity in detecting IgM antibodies against PGL-I, they do demonstrate that the addition of both the IgG detection and the protein component retain high specificity in detecting leprosy samples.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Comparison of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Using Either Natural Octyl Disaccharide-Leprosy IDRI Diagnostic or Phenolic Glycolipid-I Antigens for the Detection of Leprosy Patients in Colombia

Muñoz

Beltrán-Alzate

Duthie

et al. 2018

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease with a broad spectrum of manifestations. Delays in attaining correct diagnosis permit progressive peripheral nerve damage that can produce irreversible disabilities. Tests detecting antigen-specific antibodies can aid the diagnostic process and potentially detect patients earlier. Reported tests have lacked optimal sensitivity and specificity; however, the need to develop new tests to aid early diagnosis still remains. In this study, we determined the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using natural octyl disaccharide-leprosy IDRI diagnostic (NDO-LID). Serum samples from confirmed multibacillary patients ( = 338) and paucibacillary patients ( = 58) were evaluated and contrasted against samples from individuals without leprosy (100 healthy persons, 36 leishmaniasis or tuberculosis patients). ELISA detecting either antigen-specific IgM, IgG, or the combination of IgG and IgM (with protein A) were conducted. At a sensitivity of 78% among all patients, serum IgM antibodies against the NDO-LID conjugate were detected at a greater level than those recognizing phenolic glycolipid-I antigen (64% overall sensitivity), while providing similar specificity (97% versus 100%, respectively). Given the inclusion of the LID-1 protein within NDO-LID, we also detected conjugate-specific IgG within patient sera at a sensitivity of 81.6%. The use of protein A to simultaneously detect both antigen-specific IgG and IgM isotypes yielded the highest overall sensitivity of 86.3%. Taken together, our data indicate that the detection of both IgG and IgM antibodies against NDO-LID with protein A provided the best overall ability to detect Colombian leprosy patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Comparison of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Using Either Natural Octyl Disaccharide-Leprosy IDRI Diagnostic or Phenolic Glycolipid-I Antigens for the Detection of Leprosy Patients in Colombia

Muñoz

Beltrán-Alzate

Duthie

et al. 2018

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…[10] The lower diagnostic sensitivity of IgM in repeat syphilis is compatible with results from other infections where reinfections lead directly to increases in IgG without initial increases in IgM. [17] This study represents the most comprehensive evaluation of EIA and LIA IgM testing on serum from individuals with syphilis that we are aware of. We found that both EIA agreed substantially, albeit that the Mikrogen EIA performed in terms of diagnostic sensitivity better than the Euroimmun assay.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

The role of IgM testing in the diagnosis and post-treatment follow-up of syphilis: a prospective cohort study

Osbak

Tsoumanis

Baetselier

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Objectives: The diagnosis of repeat syphilis and its follow-up remains challenging. We aimed to investigate if IgM testing may assist in the diagnosis of syphilis reinfection/relapse and its treatment follow-up. Methods: Sera were collected from 120 individuals with a new diagnosis of syphilis (72 with repeat infections) and 30 syphilis negative controls during a cohort study investigating syphilis biomarkers conducted at a STI/HIV clinic in Antwerp, Belgium. Syphilis was diagnosed based on a simultaneous positive treponemal and non-treponemal assay result and/or positive serum PCR targeting polA. Specimens collected at visit of diagnosis, and 3 and 6 months post-treatment were tested by two enzyme immuno assays (EIAs), recomWell (Mikrogen; MI) and Euroimmun (EU), to detect anti-treponemal IgM. Baseline specimens were also tested for anti-treponemal IgM using a line immuno assay (LIA) recomLine (Mikrogen). Quantitative kinetic decay curves were constructed from the longitudinal quantitative EIA results. Results: An overall sensitivity for the diagnosis of syphilis of 59.8 % (95 % confidence interval (CI): 50.3-68.7), 75.0 % (95 %(CI): 66.1-82.3) and 64.2 % (95 %(CI): 54.8-72.6) was obtained for the EU, MI EIAs, and MI LIA, respectively. When only considering repeat syphilis, the diagnostic sensitivity decreased to 45.7 % (95 %(CI): 33.9-58.0), 63.9 % (95 %(CI): 51.7-74.6) and 47.2 % (95 %(CI): 35.5-59.3), respectively. IgM seroreverted in most cases 6 months after treatment. Post-treatment IgM concentrations decreased 30 % faster for initial syphilis compared to repeat infection. The IgM EIAs and IgM LIA agreed from fairly to moderately (Cohen's kappa: 0.36 [EU EIA]; Cohen's kappa: 0.53 [MI EIA]; Cohen's kappa: 0.40 [MI LIA]) with the diagnosis of syphilis. Conclusions: IgM detection was not a sensitive method to diagnose syphilis and was even poorer in the diagnosis of syphilis repeat infections, but might play a role in treatment follow-up.

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“…21,23,24 Nevertheless, these cases could represent false-positive IgM testing, as has been reported frequently with serological testing for other viruses. 25 Thus far, there is no report of detection of SARS-CoV-2 in amniotic fluid or breast milk, and it is unclear if vertical transmission occurs when pregnant women become infected during the first or second trimester of gestation. 21 Maternal infection can also lead to severe symptoms in the mother, which can result in birth asphyxia or premature birth.…”

Section: Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons From COVID-19 in Children: Key Hypotheses to Guide Preventative and Therapeutic Strategies

Singh

Heston

Langel

et al. 2020

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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The current pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), reveals a peculiar trend of milder disease and lower case fatality in children compared with adults. Consistent epidemiologic evidence of reduced severity of infection in children across different populations and countries suggests there are underlying biological differences between children and adults that mediate differential disease pathogenesis. This presents a unique opportunity to learn about disease-modifying host factors from pediatric populations. Our review summarizes the current knowledge of pediatric clinical disease, role in transmission, risks for severe disease, protective immunity, as well as novel therapies and vaccine trials for children. We then define key hypotheses and areas for future research that can use the pediatric model of disease, transmission, and immunity to develop preventive and therapeutic strategies for people of all age groups.

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Immunoglobulin M for Acute Infection: True or False?

Cited by 95 publications

References 44 publications

Comparison of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Using Either Natural Octyl Disaccharide-Leprosy IDRI Diagnostic or Phenolic Glycolipid-I Antigens for the Detection of Leprosy Patients in Colombia

Comparison of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Using Either Natural Octyl Disaccharide-Leprosy IDRI Diagnostic or Phenolic Glycolipid-I Antigens for the Detection of Leprosy Patients in Colombia

The role of IgM testing in the diagnosis and post-treatment follow-up of syphilis: a prospective cohort study

Lessons From COVID-19 in Children: Key Hypotheses to Guide Preventative and Therapeutic Strategies

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