Immunoglobulin responses to a repeated bout of downhill running

McKune, Andrew J.; Smith, Louis L.; Semple, SJ; Mokethwa, Barbara; Wadee, Ahmed A.

doi:10.1136/bjsm.2006.027839

Cited by 21 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…While a number of studies have reported a significant elevation in complement proteins after exercise, 24,25 the current study failed to elicit significant changes in complement C1-INH, C3 and C4. This finding was surprising considering that: (i) the participants were untrained; and (ii) research has previously shown that a similar exercise protocol is able to elicit significant elevations in immunoglobulins 26 and chemotactic cytokines. 27 In support of our findings, research has documented that certain complement proteins and complement regulatory proteins may not be affected by prolonged strenuous exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

Complement, immunoglobulin and creatine kinase response in black and white males after muscle-damaging exercise

McKune¹,

Semple

Smith

et al. 2009

S. Afr. j. sports med.

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Racial disparities have been demonstrated in athletic performance 1 and in the predisposition towards specific diseases.2 Immune/inflammatory pathways may be important in the pattern and/or progression of disease. 3,4 Research has demonstrated differences in the level of circulating immune/inflammatory markers as well as genotypic differences which may help to explain disease predisposition in specific racial groups. 3,4 In contrast, there is limited information relating to immune/inflammatory responses to exercise between racial groups. Such information is particularly relevant -strenuous exercise has been shown to alter immune/inflammatory responses predisposing athletes to infection and possibly injury, 5 which would ultimately impact on training and performance.Eccentric and/or strenuous unaccustomed exercise has been shown to elicit changes in skeletal muscle morphology.6 These changes are typically accompanied by increases in circulating creatine kinase (CK), local muscle swelling and soreness as well as alterations in circulating inflammatory markers such as leucocytes and cytokines. 7-9 Based on these observations, researchers have utilised exercise, particularly eccentrically biased exercise, to induce muscle damage and investigate immune/inflammatory sequelae.The key components of innate and adaptive immunity are the complement system and immunoglobulins, respectively. The complement system is composed of a number of proteins that are intricately involved in a variety of immune-related functions. Complement has been described as an important role player in cellular activation, chemotaxis, inflammation and clearance of immune complexes. [10][11][12] Immunoglobulins are crucial components of humoral immunity, having pathogen neutralisation and orIgInal research arTIcle complement, immunoglobulin and creatine kinase response in black and white males after muscle-damaging exercise abstract objectives. To determine the effect of eccentrically biased exercise and ethnic group on circulating levels of complement, immunoglobulin creatine kinase. Seven black and 8 white males (18 -22 years), active but untrained, participated in the study. Subjects performed a 60-minute downhill run on a treadmill (gradient -13.5%) at a speed eliciting 75% of their VO2 peak on a level grade. Venipunctures were performed before, immediately after and then at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours afterwards. Plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity, serum complement (C3, C4) and immunoglobulin (total IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA) concentrations were compared using a repeated measures ANOVA.results. There was an interaction (p=0.0055) and ethnic group effect (p<0.0001) for CK activity with consistently higher levels in the black group. CK increased over time after the run, peaking at 12 h for both groups. C3, C4, total IgG, IgG1, IgG3, and IgA were significantly higher (ethnic group effect, p<0.001), and IgG2 significantly lower (ethnic group effect, p<0.001) in the black group. Significantly higher resting concentrations of total IgG...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

Complement, immunoglobulin and creatine kinase response in black and white males after muscle-damaging exercise

McKune¹,

Semple

Smith

et al. 2009

S. Afr. j. sports med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The first is a lack of data on many environmental exposures (e.g. tobacco smoke, physical exercise, parasitic infestation) which may modulate serum total IgE [30,31,32]. Parasites are well recognized to be strong stimulants of IgE production, although epidemiologic data suggests that helminthic infections are uncommon in westernized cities (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Obesity and Atopy in Chinese Schoolchildren

Leung¹,

Kong

Chan³

et al. 2009

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Background: Despite parallel increases in asthma and obesity prevalence, there is little data on obesity as a risk factor for atopy. The latter is an important phenotype in asthmatic patients. This study investigates the association between asthma traits, atopy and obesity-related markers in Chinese adolescents. Methods: 486 schoolchildren were recruited among participants of our population-based study on the epidemiology of obesity, and their allergy status was ascertained using a standardized questionnaire. Subjects’ anthropometry was recorded on-site, and fasting blood was collected for allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), lipids and systemic inflammatory biomarkers. Results: 98 (20.2%) subjects were classified as overweight or obese. Obesity status was not associated with asthma, allergic rhinitis or eczema (p > 0.25). Atopy was not associated with age-adjusted body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference. Atopy and presence of allergen-specific IgE did not differ between overweight or obese children and those with normal BMI (p > 0.25), although subgroup analysis suggested that cockroach sensitization was more common among males who were obese or overweight (p = 0.045). White cell count (WCC) was higher among atopic than nonatopic children (mean values 6.5 × 10⁹/l vs. 6.2 × 10⁹/l, p = 0.006). Logistic regression revealed WCC to be the only risk factor for atopy (OR 18.97, p = 0.004). Conclusions: Obesity is not associated with asthma or atopy in Chinese children. High WCC is an important risk factor for atopy in both males and females. Gender does not exert any consistent effect on the association between obesity and allergen sensitization in children.

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“…This is in contrast to what has been observed for creatine kinase and other indirect markers of muscle damage. Overall, the surprisingly minor changes in com plement proteins, in response to a relatively severe bout of eccentric exercise suggests that either (a) little muscle damage was incurred (which based on cK responses [14] did not seem to be the case), or (b) changes in systemic complement protein concentration may not be sensitive markers of what is occurring in skeletal muscle. These results warrant further investigation as this is the first study to report such an effect and parti cipant numbers were limited.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the classical repeated bout effect being produced for creatine kinase (reported elsewhere [14]) the complement proteins failed to show the same phe nomenon. Recently, the study by Hubal et al [15] produced similar observations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complement Proteins (C1est, C4, C6), Circulating Immune Complexes and the Repeated Bout Effect

Semple¹,

McKune²,

Smith³

et al. 2011

Human Movement

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Purpose. To determine if the complement system is activated following strenuous eccentrically-biased exercise. Secondly, to determine if com plement activation is attenuated (repeated bout effect) following a second bout of the same exercise. Basic procedures. Healthy, active but untrained males performed 2 × 60 min bouts of downhill running, 14 days apart. Samples were taken pre, immediately post (IP), then every hour for twelve hours, and at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 h post exercise. concentrations of c1est, c4, and circulating immune complexes (cIc's) were determined using standardised nephelometery. c6 was determined using radial immunodifusion. The variables were analysed using a repeated measures ANOVA, with significance set at p < 0.05. Main findings. A significant ( p < 0.01) run effect was observed for c1est, c4, c6 and cIc's with the concentrations elevated after run 2 compared with run 1. c1est and c4 exhibited significant time effects ( p < 0.001). Conclusions. The complement system is activated following a strenuous bout of downhill running. complement proteins and circulating immune com plexes do not exhibit the same traditional 'repeated bout effect' as many other common markers of muscle damage/inflammation. The increase in complement proteins following the second bout may indicate enhanced innate immune function and/or an amplification of the immune response to tissue damage through interaction with the adaptive immune system.

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Immunoglobulin responses to a repeated bout of downhill running

Cited by 21 publications

References 27 publications

Complement, immunoglobulin and creatine kinase response in black and white males after muscle-damaging exercise

Complement, immunoglobulin and creatine kinase response in black and white males after muscle-damaging exercise

Association between Obesity and Atopy in Chinese Schoolchildren

Complement Proteins (C1est, C4, C6), Circulating Immune Complexes and the Repeated Bout Effect

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