Immunoglobulins and Immunocytes in the Mammary Gland and Its Secretions

Butler, John E.; Kehrli, Marcus E.

doi:10.1016/b978-012491543-5/50107-8

Cited by 33 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 221 publications

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“…Similar responsiveness against LAM was previously described in bovines with clinical paratuberculosis [35]. Taking into account that this isotype represents the most relevant immunoglobulin in mammary gland secretions of bovines [36], the presence of local specific IgG1 might be relevant for the passive protection of newborn calves. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Antibodies Induced by Lipoarabinomannan in Bovines: Characterization and Effects on the Interaction betweenMycobacterium aviumSubsp.paratuberculosisand MacrophagesIn Vitro

Jolly

Colavecchia

Fernández

et al. 2011

Veterinary Medicine International

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Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is a major glycolipidic antigen on the mycobacterial envelope. The aim of this study was to characterize the humoral immune response induced by immunization with a LAM extract in bovines and to evaluate the role of the generated antibodies in the in vitro infection of macrophages with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Sera from fourteen calves immunized with LAM extract or PBS emulsified in Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant and from five paratuberculosis-infected bovines were studied. LAM-immunized calves developed specific antibodies with IgG1 as the predominant isotype. Serum immunoglobulins were isolated and their effect was examined in MAP ingestion and viability assays using a bovine macrophage cell line. Our results show that the antibodies generated by LAM immunization significantly increase MAP ingestion and reduce its intracellular viability, suggesting an active role in this model.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Antibodies Induced by Lipoarabinomannan in Bovines: Characterization and Effects on the Interaction betweenMycobacterium aviumSubsp.paratuberculosisand MacrophagesIn Vitro

Jolly

Colavecchia

Fernández

et al. 2011

Veterinary Medicine International

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“…isotype remains dominant in milk, even after closure of the intestinal uptake pathway (4). Given the fact that the FcRn, which is responsible for duodenal IgG uptake from the milk in rodents (13), is expressed in human epithelial cells (8), and can shuttle IgG in the reverse direction from the serosal to the mucosal surface (5,31), it is important to know whether this can be a mechanism for delivering protective IgG to the mucosal surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, breastfeeding is acknowledged to have immense power to avoid unnecessary human infant mortality, especially from diarrheal disease (2,3). In rodents, IgG is also passed from the milk into the serum via the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) 3 present in the duodenum (4). FcRn can also transport IgG back from the serum into the intestinal lumen, in both rodents and humans (5)(6)(7)(8)(9), although the functional consequences of this process for neonates are unknown.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In humans and mice, IgG is transferred in utero to the infant bloodstream across the hemochorial placenta: after birth maternal IgG transfer continues until day 12-15 in mice, but not significantly in humans, via uptake of milk IgG through the FcRn in the intestinal epithelium (13,14). In ungulates, maternal IgG is transferred from the colostrum via the intestinal FcRn in the first 12-18 h after birth (4). Despite these differences in systemic IgG uptake, all mammals are either born with high concentrations of plasma IgG (man), acquire it immediately after birth (ungulates), or contain significant IgG in milk (mouse).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms of Neonatal Mucosal Antibody Protection

Harris

Spoerri

Schopfer

et al. 2006

The Journal of Immunology

188

145

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Following an abrupt transition at birth from the sterile uterus to an environment with abundant commensal and pathogenic microbes, neonatal mammals are protected by maternal Abs at mucosal surfaces. We show in mice that different Ab isotypes work in distinct ways to protect the neonatal mucosal surface. Secretory IgA acts to limit penetration of commensal intestinal bacteria through the neonatal intestinal epithelium: an apparently primitive process that does not require diversification of the primary natural Ab repertoire. In contrast, neonatal protection against the exclusively luminal parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus required IgG from primed females. This immune IgG could either be delivered directly in milk or retrotransported via neonatal Fc receptor from the neonatal serum into the intestinal lumen to exert its protective effect.

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“…The production of chemotactic factors and specific adhesion molecules in the mammary gland allows the cells of mucosal origin to enter the mammary gland from the circulation and increase the production of immunologically active proteins in situ. Human colostrum and milk contain high concentrations (10 6 to 10 7 for colostrum, 10 5 to 10 6 for milk) of numerous cells capable of producing various cytokines even in the infant's gut (12 ). Besides nutritional components, antibodies, and major antibacterial proteins (e.g., lysozyme, lactoferrin, defensins), a wide array of immunomodulatory factors such as cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors are present (3 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine Profiling in Human Colostrum and Milk by Protein Array

et al. 2007

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Background: Human colostrum and milk contain components that influence development. Our aim was to use a protein array to determine the cytokine profile of human lacteal secretions and changes that occur during the early postpartum period. Methods: We collected 17 samples of colostrum during the first 2 days postpartum and a 2nd group of 5 sets of 2 to 3 sequential colostrum or milk samples (at 20-to 30-h intervals). We analyzed the samples with array membranes consisting of 42 or 79 antibodies directed against cytokines. Results: In most samples, we detected the previously described cytokines interleukin-8 (IL-8)/CXCL8, epidermal growth factor (EGF), growth-related oncoprotein (GRO)/CXCL1-3, angiogenin, transforming growth factor ␤-2, and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1/ CCL2). In addition, we found 32 cytokines that have not been described before in colostrum. Cytokine concentrations differed among mothers, and the spectrum of cytokines changed with time after delivery. A significant decrease occurred in IL-12 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1␦/CCL15 and a significant increase in MCP-1/CCL2. The production of angiogenin, vascular endothelial growth factor, GRO/CXCL1-3, EGF, and IL-8/CXCL8 remained high throughout. The concentrations of 2 selected cytokines measured with the array technique and ELISA showed moderate to strong correlation (r ‫؍‬ 0.63 for EGF and r ‫؍‬ 0.84 for IL-8/CXCL8). Conclusion: Despite the lack of precise quantification, the protein array might be suitable for cytokine screening. It allows simultaneous detection of a broad spec-

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Immunoglobulins and Immunocytes in the Mammary Gland and Its Secretions

Cited by 33 publications

References 221 publications

Antibodies Induced by Lipoarabinomannan in Bovines: Characterization and Effects on the Interaction betweenMycobacterium aviumSubsp.paratuberculosisand MacrophagesIn Vitro

Antibodies Induced by Lipoarabinomannan in Bovines: Characterization and Effects on the Interaction betweenMycobacterium aviumSubsp.paratuberculosisand MacrophagesIn Vitro

Mechanisms of Neonatal Mucosal Antibody Protection

Cytokine Profiling in Human Colostrum and Milk by Protein Array

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