Immunohaematological Profile of Maternal Antibody-Mediated Abo Haemolytic Disease of Foetus and Newborn

Abstract

BACKGROUNDThe potency of anti-A and anti-B was determined by racial and environmental factors. With respect to ethnic groups, the prevalence and intensity of maternal-newborn ABO incompatibility varied in different populations. The aim of this study is to describe the immunological profile of ABO HDFN. Settings and Design-This was a descriptive study conducted in neonates with ABO HDFN. Research was conducted in Depts. of Transfusion Medicine and Neonatology division of Paediatrics in Govt. Medical College, Trivandrum. MATERIALS AND METHODSThose neonates who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. Demographic details, maternal details, bilirubin and haemoglobin levels were recorded. Investigations such as maternal blood grouping and antibody titration were done. In infant's blood sample direct antiglobulin test, blood grouping and elution was performed.Statistical Analysis-All statistical data were analysed using SPSS software version 16. RESULTSAmong mothers of infants with ABO HDFN 25 (22.7%) had a titre of 128, 34 (30.9%) had 256, 35 (31.8%) had 512 and 16 (14.6%) had 1024. Among 110 infants 34 (30.9%) were DAT positive, while the rest 76 (69.1%) were DAT negative. While DAT positive was graded 13 (11.8%) fell in grade 1, 16 (14.6%) in grade 2, 3 (2.7%) in grade 3 and 2 (1.8%) in grade 4 categories. Eluate from 59 (53.6%) of infants with ABO HDFN gave a positive result, while the rest 51 (46.4%) gave a negative result. Out of that 59 (53.6%) elution positive infants, 34 (30.9%) had a positive DAT and 25 (22.7%) had a negative DAT; 51 (46.4%) of infants were negative for both elution and DAT. CONCLUSIONMothers of infants with ABO HDFN had an antibody titre of 128 -1024. Almost one-third of infants were DAT positive and majority fell in grade 1 or 2. Eluate from half of infants gave a positive result.