Immunohistochemical analysis of Bcl-2 and Bax expression in relation to cell turnover and epithelial differentiation markers in the non-lactating human mammary gland epithelium

Feuerhake, Friedrich; Sigg, W.; Höfter, Eugen; Dimpfl, T.; Welsch, Ulrich

doi:10.1007/s004419900127

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Several previous studies have examined cell turnover in morphologically normal human mammary gland epithelium [4-8,16,20-22]. However, interpretation of the results of these studies is difficult for four reasons: first, the menstrual and parity status of the groups were not reported [23]; second, the studies included patients of perimenopausal and/or menopausal age [5,8,23-25]; third, several of the patients studied were using oral contraceptives [5,8,24,26]; and fourth, there are no available data about, or there was no assessment of, the phase of the menstrual cycle with progesterone levels [5,8,23,24,26]. In the present study, all of the above parameters were evaluated and/or controlled for.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the proliferative, apoptotic and cellular renovation indices of the human mammary epithelium during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle

Navarrete

Maier

Falzoni³

et al. 2005

Breast Cancer Res

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Introduction During the menstrual cycle, the mammary gland goes through sequential waves of proliferation and apoptosis. In mammary epithelial cells, hormonal and non-hormonal factors regulate apoptosis. To determine the cyclical effects of gonadal steroids on breast homeostasis, we evaluated the apoptotic index (AI) determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferasemediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining in human mammary epithelial cells during the spontaneous menstrual cycle and correlated it with cellular proliferation as determined by the expression of Ki-67 during the same period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the proliferative, apoptotic and cellular renovation indices of the human mammary epithelium during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle

Navarrete

Maier

Falzoni³

et al. 2005

Breast Cancer Res

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“…It seems that normal stem cells from various tissues tend to be more resistant to chemotherapeutics than mature cell types from the same tissues 64 . The reasons for this are not clear, but may relate to high levels of expression of anti-apoptotic proteins [65][66][67][68] or ABC transporters such as the multidrug resistance gene 69,70 . If the same were true of cancer stem cells, then one would predict that these cells would be more resistant to chemotherapeutics than tumour cells with limited proliferative potential.…”

Section: The Implications Of Solid Cancer Stem Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem cells, cancer, and cancer stem cells

Reya

Morrison

Clarke

et al. 2001

Nature

8,648

7,208

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Stem cell biology has come of age. Unequivocal proof that stem cells exist in the haematopoietic system has given way to the prospective isolation of several tissue-specific stem and progenitor cells, the initial delineation of their properties and expressed genetic programmes, and the beginnings of their utility in regenerative medicine. Perhaps the most important and useful property of stem cells is that of self-renewal. Through this property, striking parallels can be found between stem cells and cancer cells: tumours may often originate from the transformation of normal stem cells, similar signalling pathways may regulate self-renewal in stem cells and cancer cells, and cancer cells may include 'cancer stem cells' - rare cells with indefinite potential for self-renewal that drive tumorigenesis.

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“…At first, we showed a higher proliferative capacity of SP cells in Huh7 and PLC/PRF/5 cells than that of corresponding non‐SP cells in culture, which was accompanied by tolerance to apoptosis. It has been reported that ormal stem/precursor cells of various tissue origins express a high level of anti‐apoptotic protein such as Bcl‐2 29, 30. Taken together, an anti‐apoptotic function might be a preferentially prepared mechanism in both normal and cancer stem cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Analysis of circumferential shielding as a methodto decouple radiofrequency coils for high‐field MRI

Belliveau

Gilbert

Abou‐Khousa

et al. 2013

Concepts Magn Reson

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Reducing the impact of mutual coupling in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiofrequency (RF) coil transmit/receive arrays constitutes a serious design challenge. Recently, it has been shown that mutual coupling in such arrays can be significantly reduced by circumferentially shielding the individual array elements. For such a decoupling method to be optimized and readily incorporated into future array designs, comprehensive analysis of the shield's effect on overall element and array performance is required. This study is focused on methodically analyzing this decoupling method to determine the effect of shielding geometry on overall coil performance in high-field MRI. To this end, experiments on a 7-Tesla MRI system, as well as full-wave electromagnetic simulations, were performed and performance metrics, such as Q-factor, power efficiency, transmit power, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and specific absorption rate (SAR), were investigated for different coil/shield configurations. Differences in the geometry of a RF coil and its respective shield resulted in an increase in peak SNR of up to 40% compared to an unshielded coil. This was concurrent with a 2-4 dB reduction in the required transmit power to produce a given flip angle and a 25% reduction in peak local SAR compared to the unshielded coil. Coupling between adjacent loaded coils was strongly influenced by the coil/shield geometry and ranged from -6.5 to -22.1 dB. Based upon the analysis presented herein, example coil-array designs are provided and have been optimized for either peripheral or whole-brain imaging.

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Immunohistochemical analysis of Bcl-2 and Bax expression in relation to cell turnover and epithelial differentiation markers in the non-lactating human mammary gland epithelium

Cited by 23 publications

References 34 publications

Assessment of the proliferative, apoptotic and cellular renovation indices of the human mammary epithelium during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle

Assessment of the proliferative, apoptotic and cellular renovation indices of the human mammary epithelium during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle

Stem cells, cancer, and cancer stem cells

Analysis of circumferential shielding as a methodto decouple radiofrequency coils for high‐field MRI

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