Immunohistochemical Analysis of Wrist Ligament Innervation in Relation to Their Structural Composition

Hagert, Elisabet; García-Elias, Marc; Forsgren, Sture; Ljung, Björn-Ove

doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2006.10.005

Cited by 129 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Mechanoreceptors and nerve fibers were found in both the AOL and the DRL, mostly in their epifasicular regions and close to arterioles. The Ruffini ending was the most common mechanoreceptor found, as has been previously observed in the wrist [15] and CMC-1 joint from normal cadaveric specimens. These findings suggest that the DRL has greater proprioceptive potential in stabilizing CMC-1 in cases with OA compared with the AOL.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Where DRL is highly organized with dense collagenous bundles and an abundance of nuclei, AOL is mainly composed of loose connective tissue with sparse nuclei. Corresponding findings have been demonstrated in the dorsal wrist and scapholunate interosseous ligaments [14][15][16][17]44], where these ligaments had ample innervation compared with volar ligaments. Our histologic observations also add support to the theory that the DRL is a primary stabilizer of CMC-1 [2,3,5,42,45].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Epifascicular regions that envelope the dense collagen fibers were the main focus of study because nerves are most commonly found in these regions [15,44]. Magnification was increased to x 20 and then x 40 to investigate regions with increased fluorescence relative to surrounding areas.…”

Section: Immunofluorescence Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An ordinal grading system previously used for analysis of ligament innervation was used to quantify the degree of innervation and to assess for mechanoreceptor presence [15,26]. The grading system ranged from (+++) to (À) with (+++) representing the presence of several nerve fascicles and mechanoreceptors, (++) representing the presence of a single nerve fascicle and receptor, (+) representing the presence of nerve fascicles but no receptors, and (À) representing the presence of no nerve fibers, fascicles, or mechanoreceptors.…”

Section: Outcome Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrastructure and Innervation of Thumb Carpometacarpal Ligaments in Surgical Patients With Osteoarthritis

Mobargha

Ludwig

Ladd

et al. 2014

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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Background The complex configuration of the thumb carpometacarpal (CMC-1) joint relies on musculotendinous and ligamentous support for precise circumduction. Ligament innervation contributes to joint stability and proprioception. Evidence suggests abnormal ligament innervation is associated with osteoarthritis (OA) in large joints; however, little is known about CMC-1 ligament innervation characteristics in patients with OA. We studied the dorsal radial ligament (DRL) and the anterior oblique ligament (AOL), ligaments with a reported divergent presence of mechanoreceptors in nonosteoarthritic joints. Questions/purposes This study's purposes were (1) to examine the ultrastructural architecture of CMC-1 ligaments in surgical patients with OA; (2) to describe innervation, specifically looking at mechanoreceptors, of these ligaments using immunohistochemical techniques and compare the AOL and DRL in terms of innervation; and (3) to determine whether there is a correlation between age and mechanoreceptor density. Methods The AOL and DRL were harvested from 11 patients with OA during trapeziectomy (10 women, one man; mean age, 67 years). The 22 ligaments were sectioned in paraffin and analyzed using immunoflourescent triple staining microscopy. Results In contrast to the organized collagen bundles of the DRL, the AOL appeared to be composed of disorganized connective tissue with few collagen fibers and little innervation. Mechanoreceptors were identified in CMC-1 ligaments of all patients with OA. The DRL was significantly more innervated than the AOL. There was no significant correlation between innervation of the DRL and AOL and patient age. Conclusions The dense collagen structure and rich innervation of the DRL in patients with OA suggest that the DRL has an important proprioceptive and stabilizing role. Clinical Relevance Ligament innervation may correlate with proprioceptive and neuromuscular changes in OA pathophysiology and consequently support further investigation of innervation in disease prevention and treatment strategies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Immunofluorescence Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Outcome Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ultrastructure and Innervation of Thumb Carpometacarpal Ligaments in Surgical Patients With Osteoarthritis

Mobargha

Ludwig

Ladd

et al. 2014

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recently, immunohistochemical analysis precisely determined sensory nerve endings in wrist ligaments [Hagert et al, 2004[Hagert et al, , 2005[Hagert et al, , 2007. This technique utilized specific neural and perineural markers: glial cell S-100 protein (S100), low-affinity p75 neurotrophic receptor (p75), and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Sensory Nerve Endings in Ankle Ligaments: A Cadaver Study

Rein

Hagert

Hanisch³

et al. 2012

Cells Tissues Organs

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Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the pattern and types of sensory nerve endings in ankle ligaments using immunohistochemical techniques, in order to gain more insight into functional ankle stability. Methods: One hundred forty ligaments from 10 cadaver feet were included: the calcaneofibular and anterior/posterior talofibular ligaments from the lateral complex; inferior extensor retinaculum complex, talocalcaneal oblique and canalis tarsi ligaments from the sinus tarsi; deltoid ligament with its individual portions from the medial complex, and anterior tibiofibular ligament (ATiFL) from the syndesmosis. Mechanoreceptors were classified according to Freeman and Wyke [Acta Anat (Basel) 1967;68:321–333] after staining with hematoxylin-eosin, low-affinity neurotrophin receptor p75, protein gene product 9.5, and S-100 protein. Results: Free nerve endings were the predominant sensory endings in all four complexes, with the greatest density in the lateral and medial complexes; followed by Ruffini endings, unclassifiable corpuscles, Pacini corpuscles, and Golgi-like endings. Ruffini endings were significantly more prevalent in the ATiFL than in the medial complex, and more common than Pacini corpuscles and Golgi-like endings in the lateral, medial, and sinus tarsi complexes. A greater number of blood vessels correlated with a greater number of free nerve endings. There was a negative correlation between the number of Ruffini endings, unclassifiable corpuscles, and age. Conclusions: Free nerve endings are the dominant mechanoreceptor type in the ankle ligaments, followed by Ruffini endings. The ligaments of the lateral and medial ankle complexes are more innervated than the sinus tarsi ligaments.

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Comparative anatomy of the ligaments and muscles of the radiocarpal joint in chimpanzees and humans

Potau

Pastor

Paz

et al. 2022

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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Objectives In the present study, we have analyzed the anatomy of the radiocarpal joint ligaments and muscles in Pan troglodytes and Homo sapiens in order to identify similarities and differences between the two species that may be related to differences in hand use and function. Materials and Methods Anatomical dissections of the ligaments and muscles of the radiocarpal joint were performed in six adult chimpanzees and 12 humans. The mass of each ligament and of the functional ligament groups were calculated relative to the total ligament mass and compared between the two species. The mass of the functional muscle groups relative to the total mass of the muscles of the radiocarpal joint was also calculated and compared between the two species. Results The ligaments of the radiocarpal joint had similar anatomical characteristics in chimpanzees and humans. The relative mass of the palmar ligaments was greater in humans, while that of the dorsal radiocarpal ligament was greater in chimpanzees. In both species, the relative mass of the palmar and dorsal muscle groups was inversely related to that of the corresponding ligament groups. Discussion The greater relative mass of the palmar ligaments in humans may be related to the importance of wrist extension during manipulative tasks. The greater relative mass of the dorsal radiocarpal ligament in chimpanzees may be related to the need to stabilize the radiocarpal joint in flexion, mainly during arboreal locomotion.

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Immunohistochemical Analysis of Wrist Ligament Innervation in Relation to Their Structural Composition

Cited by 129 publications

References 21 publications

Ultrastructure and Innervation of Thumb Carpometacarpal Ligaments in Surgical Patients With Osteoarthritis

Ultrastructure and Innervation of Thumb Carpometacarpal Ligaments in Surgical Patients With Osteoarthritis

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Sensory Nerve Endings in Ankle Ligaments: A Cadaver Study

Comparative anatomy of the ligaments and muscles of the radiocarpal joint in chimpanzees and humans

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