Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridisation detection of adenovirus early region 1A (E1A) gene in the microglia of human brain tissue.

Matsuse, Takeshi; Namba, Yasuharu; Ikeda, Kazuhiko; Inoue, Satoshi; Hosoi, Takemitsu; Ouchi, Yasuyoshi; Fukuchi, Yoshinosuke; Orimo, Hajime

doi:10.1136/jcp.47.3.275

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Reactive microglial cells in both AD (5/5) and control brain tissue (2/2) showed positive hybridisation and immunoreactive expression of adenovirus E1A, indicating a monocyte- or microglia-mediated entry of adenovirus into the central nervous system (CNS) (Ref. 249).…”

Section: Evidence For the Association Of Pathogens With Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging roles of pathogens in Alzheimer disease

Miklóssy

2011

Expert Rev. Mol. Med.

172

154

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Chronic spirochetal infection can cause slowly progressive dementia, cortical atrophy and amyloid deposition in the atrophic form of general paresis. There is a significant association between Alzheimer disease (AD) and various types of spirochete (including the periodontal pathogenTreponemasandBorrelia burgdorferi), and other pathogens such asChlamydophyla pneumoniaeand herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1). Exposure of mammalian neuronal and glial cells and organotypic cultures to spirochetes reproduces the biological and pathological hallmarks of AD. Senile-plaque-like beta amyloid (Aβ) deposits are also observed in mice following inhalation ofC. pneumoniaein vivo, and Aβ accumulation and phosphorylation of tau is induced in neurons by HSV-1 in vitro and in vivo. Specific bacterial ligands, and bacterial and viral DNA and RNA all increase the expression of proinflammatory molecules, which activates the innate and adaptive immune systems. Evasion of pathogens from destruction by the host immune reactions leads to persistent infection, chronic inflammation, neuronal destruction and Aβ deposition. Aβ has been shown to be a pore-forming antimicrobial peptide, indicating that Aβ accumulation might be a response to infection. Global attention and action is needed to support this emerging field of research because dementia might be prevented by combined antibiotic, antiviral and anti-inflammatory therapy.

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Section: Evidence For the Association Of Pathogens With Admentioning

confidence: 99%