Immunohistochemical characteristics of neuron-glial relationships in human astrocytic brain tumors of different grades of malignancy.

Zhukova, Galina; Kirichenko, E. Yu.; Sukhov, Aleksandr; Atmachidi, Dmitriy P.; Grankina, Anastasia; Шихлярова, А. И.; Sakun, Pavel G.; Shirnina, Elena Alekseevna; Bragina, Marina Igorevna; Barteneva, Tatiana Albertovna

doi:10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.e22096

Cited by 1 publication

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“…In contrast, it has been found that Cx30 can protect gliomas from radiation therapy, causing an inverse correlation between the patient's prognosis and the expression level of this Cx [132]. Although little is known about Cx36, recent studies have reported its expression in rat brain microglia [133] and human astrocytic brain tumors (Grade II, Grade III, and Grade IV) [134]. In astrocytic tumors, Cx36 increases its levels inside tumor cells but decreases its expression in the environment depending on the tumor grade [134], which makes Cx36 a useful biomarker for tumor diagnosis and prediction of neoplasm progression.…”

Section: Role Of Connexins In Glioblastomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although little is known about Cx36, recent studies have reported its expression in rat brain microglia [133] and human astrocytic brain tumors (Grade II, Grade III, and Grade IV) [134]. In astrocytic tumors, Cx36 increases its levels inside tumor cells but decreases its expression in the environment depending on the tumor grade [134], which makes Cx36 a useful biomarker for tumor diagnosis and prediction of neoplasm progression. However, whether Cx36 increases as a compensatory or pathological mechanism is unclear [135].…”

Section: Role Of Connexins In Glioblastomamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Connexins 30, 36, and 43 in Brain Tumors, Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Neuroprotection

Sánchez

Rodríguez

Velasco-España

et al. 2020

Cells

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Gap junction (GJ) channels and their connexins (Cxs) are complex proteins that have essential functions in cell communication processes in the central nervous system (CNS). Neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglial cells express an extraordinary repertory of Cxs that are important for cell to cell communication and diffusion of metabolites, ions, neurotransmitters, and gliotransmitters. GJs and Cxs not only contribute to the normal function of the CNS but also the pathological progress of several diseases, such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Besides, they have important roles in mediating neuroprotection by internal or external molecules. However, regulation of Cx expression by epigenetic mechanisms has not been fully elucidated. In this review, we provide an overview of the known mechanisms that regulate the expression of the most abundant Cxs in the central nervous system, Cx30, Cx36, and Cx43, and their role in brain cancer, CNS disorders, and neuroprotection. Initially, we focus on describing the Cx gene structure and how this is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Then, the posttranslational modifications that mediate the activity and stability of Cxs are reviewed. Finally, the role of GJs and Cxs in glioblastoma, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases, and neuroprotection are analyzed with the aim of shedding light in the possibility of using Cx regulators as potential therapeutic molecules.

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