Immunohistochemical co-localization of glycogen phosphorylase with the astroglial markers glial fibrillary acidic protein and S-100 protein in rat brain sections

Pfeiffer, Brigitte; Meyermann, Richard; Hamprecht, Bernd

doi:10.1007/bf00270387

Cited by 50 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Genes encoding (glycogenolytic) phosphorylase kinase subunits (Phka1, Phkg2), expressed exclusively in astrocytes (Pfeiffer et al, 1992;Psarra et al, 1998), and the glucokinase (Gck) and Pdhb genes were also downregulated selectively in AI at 5T. Astrocytes contain the only glycogen reserve of the brain and provide increased glucose/lactate to neurons during periods of high energy demand (Chih et al, 2001;Pellerin, 2005).…”

Section: Glucose Metabolism In Aimentioning

confidence: 99%

Hippocampal Expression Analyses Reveal Selective Association of Immediate-Early, Neuroenergetic, and Myelinogenic Pathways with Cognitive Impairment in Aged Rats

Rowe¹,

Blalock²,

Chen³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

201

215

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Although expression of some genes is known to change during neuronal activity or plasticity, the overall relationship of gene expression changes to memory or memory disorders is not well understood. Here, we combined extensive statistical microarray analyses with behavioral testing to comprehensively identify genes and pathways associated with aging and cognitive dysfunction. Aged rats were separated into cognitively unimpaired (AU) or impaired (AI) groups based on their Morris water maze performance relative to youngadult (Y) animals. Hippocampal gene expression was assessed in Y, AU, and AI on the fifth (last) day of maze training (5T) or 21 d posttraining (21PT) and in nontrained animals (eight groups total, one array per animal; n ϭ 78 arrays). ANOVA and linear contrasts identified genes that differed from Y generally with aging (differed in both AU and AI) or selectively, with cognitive status (differed only in AI or AU). Altered pathways/processes were identified by overrepresentation analyses of changed genes. With general aging, there was downregulation of axonal growth, cytoskeletal assembly/transport, signaling, and lipogenic/uptake pathways, concomitant with upregulation in immune/inflammatory, lysosomal, lipid/protein degradation, cholesterol transport, transforming growth factor, and cAMP signaling pathways, primarily independent of training condition. Selectively, in AI, there was downregulation at 5T of immediate-early gene, Wnt (wingless integration site), insulin, and G-protein signaling, lipogenesis, and glucose utilization pathways, whereas Notch2 (oligodendrocyte development) and myelination pathways were upregulated, particularly at 21PT. In AU, receptor/signal transduction genes were upregulated, perhaps as compensatory responses. Immunohistochemistry confirmed and extended selected microarray results. Together, the findings suggest a new model, in which deficient neuroenergetics leads to downregulated neuronal signaling and increased glial activation, resulting in aging-related cognitive dysfunction.

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Section: Glucose Metabolism In Aimentioning

confidence: 99%

Hippocampal Expression Analyses Reveal Selective Association of Immediate-Early, Neuroenergetic, and Myelinogenic Pathways with Cognitive Impairment in Aged Rats

Rowe¹,

Blalock²,

Chen³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

201

215

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…More specifically, we attempted to determine whether the light microscopically visible GP immunoreactivity associated with capillaries (Pfeiffer et al, , 1992) is due to labeling of the endothelial cells or is simply the result of staining of astrocytic endfeet ensheathing the capillaries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using monoclonal antibodies against the brain isozyme of GP (Pfeiffer et al, , 1992(Pfeiffer et al, , 1994 or poly-O 1996 Wiley-Liss, Ine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural localization of glycogen phosphorylase predominantly in astrocytes of the gerbil brain

Richter

Hamprecht

Scheich

1996

Glia

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“…The particular question addressed was which enzyme phosphorylâtes fructose in astrocytes. Since astrocytes are the major storage cells for brain glycogen [Cataldo and Broadwell, 1986;Pfeiffer et al, 1992], the synthesis of glycogen from fructose was also investi gated. Finally, lactate released from fructose-fed astro glial cultures was quantitated.…”

Section: Kargermentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Fructose Metabolism in Cultured Astroglial Cells and Control Hepatocytes: Lack of Fructokinase Activity and Imrrunoreactivity in Astrocytes

et al. 1996

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Astroglia-rich primary cultures derived from the brains of newborn rats can be grown in the presence of sorbitol or fructose. In the present study, evidence was obtained by enzymatic analysis and immunocytochemistry that fructose is further metabolized to fructose-6-phosphate and that fructokinase is lacking in the astrocytes. In contrast, fructose-1-phosphate as well as fructokinase immunoreactivity could be detected in cultured hepatocytes. Considerable amounts of astroglial glycogen were synthesized from fructose. Lactate release in fructose-fed cultures was still 30% that of glucose-fed cells and was abolished in the presence of 2-deoxyglucose. No glycogen was synthesized when sorbitol, which is converted intracellularly to fructose, replaced glucose in the incubation medium. However, lactate release from sorbitol-fed cultures was still significant and was not abolished by 2-deoxyglucose. The results are compatible with the idea of astroglial glycogen being a store of lactate rather than glucose. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that sorbitol is an adequate substrate for astroglial glycolysis but, in contrast to fructose, cannot be utilized for the buildup of glycogen stores.

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Immunohistochemical co-localization of glycogen phosphorylase with the astroglial markers glial fibrillary acidic protein and S-100 protein in rat brain sections

Cited by 50 publications

References 21 publications

Hippocampal Expression Analyses Reveal Selective Association of Immediate-Early, Neuroenergetic, and Myelinogenic Pathways with Cognitive Impairment in Aged Rats

Hippocampal Expression Analyses Reveal Selective Association of Immediate-Early, Neuroenergetic, and Myelinogenic Pathways with Cognitive Impairment in Aged Rats

Ultrastructural localization of glycogen phosphorylase predominantly in astrocytes of the gerbil brain

Studies on Fructose Metabolism in Cultured Astroglial Cells and Control Hepatocytes: Lack of Fructokinase Activity and Imrrunoreactivity in Astrocytes

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