Immunohistochemical demonstration of growth factors at the tendon–bone interface in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a rabbit model

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Comparison of double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with and without autologous conditioned serum application

“…However, it is noteworthy that recent articles appear not to have found bone tunnel widening reduction with PRP [29,39]. IL-1Ra as a recombinant protein has been used following ACL surgery or joint trauma with encouraging results, thus supporting the approach taken in this study [5,12,19]. The authors show a slower increase in post-surgical tibial tunnel diameters in the ACS group than in the placebo group at both times of follow-up measurement.…”

“…Inflammation is one key factor in bone wasting, and IL-1, TNFa, and other cytokines have been implicated in its aetiology [3,22,44,52]. After joint surgery and in general, it is important to control synovitis [11,12,19,36] in order to resolve (post-traumatic) joint inflammation rapidly. Treatment of inflammation with common NSAIDs does not specifically address the underlying pathways, and excessive NSAID use may interfere with the healing process.…”

“…Biological signalling proteins are the driving force behind growing number of groups working on the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as an adjunct treatment after surgery [19,29,34,35,40]. However, it is noteworthy that recent articles appear not to have found bone tunnel widening reduction with PRP [29,39].…”

Effects of a Platelet Gel on Early Graft Revascularization after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Clinical Trial

“…In a study by Kohno et al [30] , the clinical outcome of ACL reconstruction using a hamstring tendon graft depended on the biological integration between the tendon and the bone. The healing process starts immediately after the operation.…”

An histological study of the influence of osteoinductive calcium phosphate ceramics on tendon healing pattern in a bone tunnel with suspensory fixation

“…Because simple suspensory fixation might not completely endure cyclic loading before secure bone-tendon healing formed, more and more authors have recognised the importance of enhancing and accelerating healing of tendon graft in a bone tunnel. Most of the experimental work about tendon-bone healing in a bone tunnel focused on the function of the periosteum and cell factors including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), blockage of matrix metalloproteinases, hyaluronan and especially bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) [2,7,9,21]. In recent decades, it has been proved that BMP has an important role not only in tendon repair but also in tendon-bone healing [1,4,11,12,15].…”