Immunohistochemical Detection of Encephalomyocarditis Virus (EMCV) Antigen in the Heart of Experimentally Infected Piglets

Encephalomyocarditis Virus 2A Protein Is Required for Viral Pathogenesis and Inhibition of Apoptosis

“…To detect EMCV, an anti-EMCV monoclonal antibody (3E5) raised against the EMCV Novara 86 strain, obtained from mouse ascitic fluid, was used (kindly provided by Emiliana Brocchi, Instituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lumbaria e dell'Emilia B. Ubertini, Brescia, Italy). It recognizes a linear epitope on VP1 and cross-reacts with VP2 and VP3 (54). To detect apoptotic cells, a rabbit polyclonal antibody directed against the cleaved caspase 3 (Asp175) antibody (Cell Signaling) was used.…”

Encephalomyocarditis virus mortality in semi-wild bonobos (Pan panicus)

“…Five‐micrometre‐thick sections of all tissues were collected onto pre‐treated glass slides and dried at 37°C overnight. The 3F5 monoclonal antibody (kindly provided by Dr.Emiliana Brocchi, Instituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia B.Ubertini Brescia, Italy) was obtained from mouse ascitic fluid raised against the EMC Novara 86 strain which recognises a linear epitope on VP1 and cross‐reacts with VP2 and VP3 [26]. All the immunohistochemical steps were performed on Nexes apparatus (Ventana, Illkirch, France).…”

Evaluation of ultrastructural changes associated with encephalomyocarditis virus in the myocardium of experimentally infected piglets

“…4 Briefly, tissue supernatants were incubated on BHK-21 cell monolayers. 12 Transmission electron microscopy-Myocardial samples from the walls of the right and left ventricles were fixed in 4% glutaraldehyde solution in a sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.3) solution, and were then placed in 2% osmium tetroxide solution with a veronal acetate buffer (pH 7.2). Samples with negative results were subjected to 3 blind passages consisting of 3 days each.…”

“…8 In the United States, the virus was initially identified as a cause of mortality 9 ; it was later proposed that the virus was associated with reproductive failure. 12 It has also been reported that EMCV can be detected by use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 11 Another diagnostic method is identification of the virus by immunohistochemical analysis, using the indirect immunoperoxidase technique to analyze myocardial tissue from affected animals.…”