Immunohistochemical distribution of chromogranins A and B and secretogranin II in neuroendocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract

Fahrenkamp, A.; Wibbeke, C; Winde, Günther; Öfner, Dietmar; Böcker, W.; Fischer‐Colbrie, Reiner; Schmid, Kurt Werner

doi:10.1007/bf00191345

Cited by 63 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The reason for the chromogranin A negativity in these tumors is not known. Interestingly, a similar lack of chromogranin A positivity is also seen in rectal NETs (Fahrenkamp et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Somatostatin-producing neuroendocrine tumors of the duodenum and pancreas: incidence, types, biological behavior, association with inherited syndromes, and functional activity

Garbrecht¹,

Anlauf²,

Schmitt³

et al. 2008

Endocrine Related Cancer

166

128

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Somatostatin-producing neuroendocrine tumors (SOM-NETs) of the duodenum and pancreas appear to be heterogeneous. To determine their clinicopathological profiles, respective data were analyzed on a series of 82 duodenal and 541 pancreatic NETs. In addition, the clinical records of 821 patients with duodenal or pancreatic NETs were reviewed for evidence of a somatostatinoma syndrome. Predominant or exclusive expression of somatostatin was found in 21 (26%) duodenal and 21 (4%) pancreatic NETs. They were classified as sporadic (nZ31) or neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)-associated duodenal NETs (nZ3), gangliocytic paragangliomas (GCPGs; nZ6), or poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (pdNECs; nZ2). In addition, five duodenal and four pancreatic SOM-NETs were found in five patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). Metastases occurred in 13 (43%) patients with sporadic or NF1-associated SOM-NETs, but in none of the duodenal or pancreatic MEN1-associated SOM-NETs or GCPGs. Sporadic advanced (stage IV) SOM-NETs were more commonly detected in the pancreas than in the duodenum. None of the patients (including the 821 patients for whom only the clinical records were reviewed) fulfilled the criteria of a somatostatinoma syndrome. Our data show that somatostatin expression is not only seen in sporadic NETs but may also occur in GCPGs, pdNECs, and hereditary NETs. Surgical treatment is effective in most duodenal and many pancreatic SOM-NETs. MEN1-associated SOM-NETs and GCPGs follow a benign course, while somatostatin-producing pdNECs are aggressive neoplasms. The occurrence of the so-called somatostatinoma syndrome appears to be extremely uncommon.

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“…The reason for the chromogranin A negativity in these tumors is not known. Interestingly, a similar lack of chromogranin A positivity is also seen in rectal NETs (Fahrenkamp et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Somatostatin-producing neuroendocrine tumors of the duodenum and pancreas: incidence, types, biological behavior, association with inherited syndromes, and functional activity

Garbrecht¹,

Anlauf²,

Schmitt³

et al. 2008

Endocrine Related Cancer

166

128

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Exceptions are ECLomas and parathyroid adenomas where CgB244-255 was not demonstrated. These tumor types also lacked immunoreactivity in reports by other authors using other CgB epitopes (Weiler et al 1988;Bordi et al 1991;Fahrenkamp et al 1995), but contain CgA epitopes Sonnleitner-Wittauer et al 1996).…”

Section: Chromogranin Bmentioning

confidence: 64%

Immunohistochemical and Biochemical Studies with Region-Specific Antibodies to Chromogranins A and B and Secretogranins II and III in Neuroendocrine Tumors

2010

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This short review deals with our investigations in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) with antibodies against defined epitopes of chromogranins (Cgs) A and B and secretogranins (Sgs) II and III. The immunohistochemical expression of different epitopes of the granin family of proteins varies in NE cells in normal human endocrine and non-endocrine organs and in NETs, suggesting post-translational processing. In most NETs one or more epitopes of the granins were lacking, but variations in the expression pattern occurred both in benign and malignant NETs. A few epitopes displayed patterns that may be valuable in differentiating between benign and malignant NET types, e.g., well-differentiated NET types expressed more CgA epitopes than the poorly differentiated ones and C-terminal secretoneurin visualized a cell type related to malignancy in pheochromocytomas. Plasma concentrations of different epitopes of CgA and CgB varied. In patients suffering from carcinoid tumors or endocrine pancreatic tumors the highest concentrations were found with epitopes from the mid-portion of CgA. For CgB the highest plasma concentrations were recorded for the epitope 439-451. Measurements of SgII showed that patients with endocrine pancreatic tumors had higher concentrations than patients with carcinoid tumors or pheochromocytomas. SgIII was not detectable in patients with NETs.

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“…Fahrenkamp et al (23) investigated 152 neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract using monoclonal antibody against human CgA, CgB (amino acids 306 -326), and CgC. They revealed that CgA is the major granin expressed in gastric carcinoids and in serotonin-producing carcinoids of the appendix and ileum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical Expression of Chromogranins A and B, Prohormone Convertases 2 and 3, and Amidating Enzyme in Carcinoid Tumors and Pancreatic Endocrine Tumors

et al. 2000

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Although chromogranin A (CgA) is widely distributed in neuroendocrine tumors, the distribution of chromogranin B (CgB) has not been elucidated. Hormones produced by tumors are sometimes prohormones and not necessarily bioactive hormones. Prohormones have to be processed into bioactive peptides by prohormone convertases (PCs), and some of them have to be amidated by peptidylglycine ␣-amidating monooxygenase (PGM). Whether PCs and PGM are present or not in tumors may explain why some tumors are functioning and some are nonfunctioning. We investigated 45 carcinoids and 16 pancreatic endocrine tumors. Of the carcinoids, CgA was expressed in most of the tumors, except for the rectal and ovarian carcinoids, which expressed CgB strongly. The expressions of PC2, PC3, and PGM were 31%, 100%, and 87%, respectively. In the pancreatic tumors, CgA was expressed in all tumors, whereas CgB was not expressed in any tumor. The expressions of PC2, PC3, and PGM were 63%, 88%, and 63%, respectively. PC3 was expressed in all of the functioning tumors but not in two of the four nonfunctioning tumors. PC2 and PGM were not expressed in three of the four nonfunctioning tumors. In conclusion, expression of CgA and CgB was different depending on the tumor location. High frequency of PCs and PGM may explain why even nonfunctioning tumors produce some inconspicuous peptides.

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Immunohistochemical distribution of chromogranins A and B and secretogranin II in neuroendocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract

Cited by 63 publications

References 33 publications

Somatostatin-producing neuroendocrine tumors of the duodenum and pancreas: incidence, types, biological behavior, association with inherited syndromes, and functional activity

Somatostatin-producing neuroendocrine tumors of the duodenum and pancreas: incidence, types, biological behavior, association with inherited syndromes, and functional activity

Immunohistochemical and Biochemical Studies with Region-Specific Antibodies to Chromogranins A and B and Secretogranins II and III in Neuroendocrine Tumors

Immunohistochemical Expression of Chromogranins A and B, Prohormone Convertases 2 and 3, and Amidating Enzyme in Carcinoid Tumors and Pancreatic Endocrine Tumors

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