Immunohistochemical evaluation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the epithelial lining of odontogenic cysts: A qualitative and quantitative analysis

Abstract

Introduction:The three common odontogenic cysts include radicular cysts (RCs), dentigerous cysts (DCs), and odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs). Among these 3 cysts, OKC is recently been classified as benign keratocystic odontogenic tumor attributing to its aggressive behavior, recurrence rate, and malignant potential. The present study involved qualitative and quantitative analysis of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in epithelial lining of RCs, DCs, and OKCs, compare iNOS expression in epithelial linings of all the 3 cysts and determined overexpression of iNOS in OKCs which might contribute to its aggressive behavior and malignant potential.Aims:The present study is to investigate the role of iNOS in the pathogenesis of OKCs, DCs, and RCs by evaluating the iNOS expression in the epithelial lining of these cysts.Subjects and Methods:Analysis of iNOS expression in epithelial lining cells of 20 RCs, 20 DCs, and 20 OKCs using immunohistochemistry done.Statistical Analysis Used:The percentage of positive cells and intensity of stain was assessed and compared among all the 3 cysts using contingency coefficient. Kappa statistics for the two observers were computed for finding interobserver agreement.Results:The percentage of iNOS-positive cells was found to be remarkably high in OKCs (12/20) –57.1% as compared to RCs (6/20) – 28.6% and DCs (3/20) – 14.3%. The interobserver agreement for iNOS-positive percentage cells was arrived with kappa values with OKCs → Statistically significant (P > 0.000), RCs → statistically significant (P > 0.001) with no significant values for DCs. No statistical difference exists among 3 study samples in regard to the intensity of staining with iNOS.Conclusions:Increased iNOS expression in OKCs may contribute to bone resorption and accumulation of wild-type p53, hence, making OKCs more aggressive.

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Dentigerous Cysts and Odontogenic Keratocysts Associated with Impacted Third Molars—A Systematic Review

“…Different p63 isoforms may have distinct functions in developing and lesional odontogenic tissues. Akshatha et al (2017) [ 69 ] To qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the epithelial lining of radicular cysts (RCs), dentigerous cysts (DCs), and odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) to determine the role of iNOS in their pathogenesis. Study Type: Qualitative and quantitative immunohistochemical study.…”

Primary cilia and hypoxia-associated signaling in developmental odontogenic cysts in relation to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease – A novel insight

“…The Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), one of the proteins associated with hypoxic conditions, is known to affect cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis, i.e., multiple processes contributing to cystogenesis [ 53 ]. HIF-1 also affects the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is necessary for angiogenesis, and the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), generating nitric oxide responsible for vasodilation and increased blood flow to ischemic tissues [ 54 , 55 ].…”

“…2 ), additional signaling pathways may be involved in the formation of OCs. Several signaling molecules, such as p53 [ 9 ], VEGF [ 54 ], or iNOS [ 55 ], were shown to be significantly overexpressed or underexpressed in these lesions. It is important to note that hypoxia precedes both p53 expression and angiogenesis, and HIF-1α directs p53 [ 61 ] and VEGF activation [ 58 ].…”