Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Matrix Metalloproteinases-1, -9, Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1, and CD117 in Granulomatous Rosacea Compared with Non-granulomatous Rosacea

Park, Jong Bin; Suh, Kee Suck; Jang, Ji Yun; Seong, Seol Hwa; Yang, Myeong Hyeon; Kang, Jin Seuk; Jang, Min Soo

doi:10.2340/00015555-3349

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…As the only variant, GR differs from non‐granulomatous rosacea (NGR) in clinical presentations and histopathological findings, and has a unique pattern of inflammatory cell infiltration. Granuloma requires the recruitment of immune cells like lymphocytes and histiocytes, 6 but the mechanisms remain debatable 7 . Initially, the mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was thought to be the cause of GR, 8 but in 1949, Snapps found that GR was not induced by tuberculid and had no association with tuberculosis 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Granuloma requires the recruitment of immune cells like lymphocytes and histiocytes, 6 but the mechanisms remain debatable. 7 Initially, the mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was thought to be the cause of GR, 8 but in 1949, Snapps found that GR was not induced by tuberculid and had no association with tuberculosis. 9 Subsequently, demodex was suspected to be an important pathogenic cause of GR, which however has not been proven yet in recent studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Granulomatous rosacea in Chinese patients: Clinical‐histopathological analysis and pathogenesis exploration

Jiang

Huang

et al. 2023

The Journal of Dermatology

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The pathogenesis of granulomatous rosacea (GR), the only variant of rosacea, is unclear. To investigate the differences between GR and non‐granulomatous rosacea (NGR) in clinical characteristics, histopathological changes and gene expression for the purpose of providing new ideas on the pathogenesis of rosacea. A total of 30 GR and 60 NGR patients were included. Their clinical and histopathological information was collected retrospectively, and the characteristics of immune cell infiltration were investigated by multiple immunohistochemical staining. RNA sequencing and transcriptome analysis were performed on three pairs of skin samples from GR and NGR patients, respectively. Then, the expressions of candidate genes that were potentially associated with granuloma formation were verified by immunohistochemical staining. It was found that GR patients were more prone to the occurrence of rosacea in the forehead, periocular and perioral skin (p = 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.001), and presented more severe papules and pustules when compared with NGR patients (p = 0.032). For histopathological features, the inflammatory cells primarily infiltrated around hair follicles in the GR group and around blood vessels in the NGR group. In addition, the neutrophils were richer (p = 0.036) and the expression levels of CD4+, CD8+ and CD68+ cells were higher (p = 0.047, p < 0.001, p < 0.001) in the GR group than in the NGR group. In addition, the GR group had apparent collagen hyperplasia (p = 0.026). A total of 420 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected, and bioinformatics analysis showed that the DEGs were enriched in neutrophil activation, adaptive immune response and other biological processes. Lastly, the candidate genes related to neutrophil activation and collagen hyperplasia, i.e., Cathepsin S (CTSS), Cathepsin Z (CTSZ) and matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP9), were confirmed to be highly expressed in the GR group. The clinical and histopathological features of GR exhibited a very diverse pattern compared with NGR, and the underlying mechanisms may be related to neutrophil activation and collagen hyperplasia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granulomatous rosacea in Chinese patients: Clinical‐histopathological analysis and pathogenesis exploration

Jiang

Huang

et al. 2023

The Journal of Dermatology

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“…These MMPs belong to the gelatinase family and cooperatively participate in the degradation of gelatin and collagen type I [ 28 ]. Few studies have assessed the expression of MMP-9 in facial skin samples of rosacea patients [ 21 , 29 ]; nonetheless, several studies have explored its levels in other bodily fluids such as tears and serum [ 30 , 31 ]. Interestingly, results from those studies indicate that rosacea has the potential to modify the concentrations of MMP-9 in these bodily fluids at a distance, hinting at a broader and “systemic” impact of the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Skin biopsies are usually unnecessary; nevertheless, they might still be crucial for differential diagnosis with other similar yet pernicious conditions such as angiosarcoma [ 29 ]. Therefore, it is necessary to have certainty in the early diagnosis of rosacea and complement it with the detection of specific biomarkers of this disease [ 30 ]. In this study, we hypothesize that rosacea influences the GCF levels of MMP-2 and -9 regardless of periodontal status and thus can be used as a novel diagnostic biomarker for rosacea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MMP-9 Levels in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Chilean Rosacea Patients

Fernández

Jiménez

Benadof

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease whose prevalence rates remain unknown in Chile. Laboratory benchmark testing for this disease is not useful, therefore, we aimed to evaluate the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of extracellular metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 as novel rosacea biomarkers. We designed a cross-sectional study with a control group. Participants were systemically healthy adults (n = 20) and persons with rosacea (n = 18). We performed a periodontal evaluation and collected gingival crevicular fluid to measure MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels. Analysis showed mean and standard deviation of MMP-9 concentrations in the GCF for patients with rosacea was 764.52 ± 569.83 pg/mL; for healthy patients, it was 260.69 ± 170.43 pg/mL (p < 0.05). The diagnosis of rosacea was responsible for the levels of MMP-9 in the GCF (p < 0.05), as opposed to periodontitis, smoking, and age (p > 0.05). The Area under ROC for MMP-9 was 0.869 (95%, C.I: 0.719–0.956), with a sensitivity of 72.22% and specificity of 81.58% for the diagnosis of rosacea. We conclude that the quantification of MMP-9 in the GCF could be used as a biomarker of rosacea. Also, rosacea was responsible for increasing the levels of MMP-9 in the GCF independent of periodontal status.

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The Skin and Endocrine Disorders

Paus,

Ramot

2024

Rook's Textbook of Dermatology

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Endocrine disorders can exert major effects on the human skin, leading to different signs and symptoms, including skin dryness, hair loss or excessive hair growth, pruritus, pigmentary changes and hyperhidrosis. This chapter reviews these changes and provides a practical approach to patients with suspected underlying endocrinological disorders. The chapter also discusses the latest findings showing that the skin serves as a complex (neuro‐) endocrine organ by itself, and thus possesses important practical implications for future dermatological therapy.

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Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Matrix Metalloproteinases-1, -9, Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1, and CD117 in Granulomatous Rosacea Compared with Non-granulomatous Rosacea

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

Granulomatous rosacea in Chinese patients: Clinical‐histopathological analysis and pathogenesis exploration

Granulomatous rosacea in Chinese patients: Clinical‐histopathological analysis and pathogenesis exploration

MMP-9 Levels in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Chilean Rosacea Patients

The Skin and Endocrine Disorders

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