Immunohistochemical evidence for different pathways immunoreactive to substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the guinea-pig stellate ganglion

Heym, Christine; Liu, Nengbao; Gleich, A.; Oberst, Peter; Kummer, Wolfgang

doi:10.1007/bf00318563

Cited by 32 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…However, no SP-and CGRP-immunoreactive somata were observed in the sympathetic ganglia (New and Mudge, 1986) and the Remaks ganglia (this study) of the chicken. In mammals, SP or CGRP observed in sympathetic or parasympathetic fibres were never colocalised (Erichsen et al, 1982;Du and Dubois, 1988;Gibbins, 1992;Heym et al, 1993). Similarly, SP and CGRP were not colocalised in intrinsic neurones of the gastrointestinal tract in mammals (Costa et al, 1987).…”

Section: Sp/cgrp-immunoreactive Fibres In the Ureter Are Most Likely mentioning

confidence: 77%

Neurones in the chicken ureter are innervated by substance P- and calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing nerve fibres: Immunohistochemical and electrophysiological evidence

et al. 1997

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Numerous ganglia or single neurones immunoreactive to protein gene-product 9.5 (PGP) were demonstrated in the chicken ureter. Ganglia were observed in the main nerve trunks accompanying the ureter (400-2,000 cells), in the adventitia (1-45 cells; density; 79 +/- 12 ganglia/cm2; mean +/- S.E.M.), in the circular muscle (1-9 cells; 76 +/- 10 ganglia/cm2) and in the longitudinal muscle (1-8 cells; 232 +/- 41 ganglia/cm2). Most of the PGP-positive neurones in the nerve trunk ganglia (approximately 66%) and in the smooth muscle layers (85%) were encircled by a dense plexus of varicose nerve fibres containing both substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). SP-positive somata were rarely observed. Immunogold electron microscopy revealed that SP- and CGRP-immunoreactivity were colocalised in the same dense core vesicles. A strong reduction of SP-positive nerve fibres was observed in organ cultures of the ureter, indicating their extrinsic origin. The fibres might originate from the dorsal root ganglia, where SP and CGRP were colocalised in 20-30% of the neurones. The sensitivity of ureteric neurones to SP and CGRP was investigated in recordings obtained from mechanosensitive nerve fibres with cell bodies located in or adjacent to the ureter (U-G units). The majority (71%) of the U-G units was excited by local application of SP in a dose-dependent manner. The SP-sensitive U-G neurones had higher mechanical thresholds (29 +/- 5 mmHg) as opposed to the SP-insensitive ones (10 +/- 3 mmHg). Repeated applications of high doses of SP to the U-G units resulted in desensitisation and reduced the response to mechanical stimuli. None of the U-G units responded to local application of CGRP, but all U-G units were excited by acetylcholine. The data support the hypothesis that SP-containing primary afferents are involved in the modulation of the activity of ureteric neurons in the chicken.

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Section: Sp/cgrp-immunoreactive Fibres In the Ureter Are Most Likely mentioning

confidence: 77%

Neurones in the chicken ureter are innervated by substance P- and calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing nerve fibres: Immunohistochemical and electrophysiological evidence

et al. 1997

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“…Induction of PHOX, leading to increased levels of ROS has also been reported (Wang et al, 2003; Shui et al, 2009). Yet, M. tuberculosis is relatively resistant to killing by ROS as these ROS are inactivated by the induced mycobacterial catalase KatG (Ng et al, 2004) which has catalase and peroxidase activity (Heym et al, 1993). M. tuberculosis infection also stimulates expression of heme oxygenase (HO-1) in mouse macrophages and other host cells, probably via the TNF-α signaling pathway (Shiloh et al, 2008).…”

Section: Metabolic Host Responses To Selected Intracellular Bacterialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic host responses to infection by intracellular bacterial pathogens

Eisenreich¹,

Heesemann²,

Rudel³

et al. 2013

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

171

150

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The interaction of bacterial pathogens with mammalian hosts leads to a variety of physiological responses of the interacting partners aimed at an adaptation to the new situation. These responses include multiple metabolic changes in the affected host cells which are most obvious when the pathogen replicates within host cells as in case of intracellular bacterial pathogens. While the pathogen tries to deprive nutrients from the host cell, the host cell in return takes various metabolic countermeasures against the nutrient theft. During this conflicting interaction, the pathogen triggers metabolic host cell responses by means of common cell envelope components and specific virulence-associated factors. These host reactions generally promote replication of the pathogen. There is growing evidence that pathogen-specific factors may interfere in different ways with the complex regulatory network that controls the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of mammalian cells. The host cell defense answers include general metabolic reactions, like the generation of oxygen- and/or nitrogen-reactive species, and more specific measures aimed to prevent access to essential nutrients for the respective pathogen. Accurate results on metabolic host cell responses are often hampered by the use of cancer cell lines that already exhibit various de-regulated reactions in the primary carbon metabolism. Hence, there is an urgent need for cellular models that more closely reflect the in vivo infection conditions. The exact knowledge of the metabolic host cell responses may provide new interesting concepts for antibacterial therapies.

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“…Cholinergic neurons can be identified by specific markers, such as choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) (Ernsberger and Rohrer 1999). Acetylcholine-containing PGN in most cases colocalize vasoactive intestinal (poly)peptide (VIP) and/or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) (Lundberg et al 1979;Landis and Fredieu 1986;Heym et al 1993). In mammals, the main targets of these cholinergic, VIP/CGRP-containing PGN appear to be sweat glands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunocytochemical properties of stellate ganglion neurons during early postnatal development

Maslyukov

Timmermans

2004

Histochem Cell Biol

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Neurotransmitter features in sympathetic neurons are subject to change during development. To better understand the neuroplasticity of sympathetic neurons during early postnatal ontogenesis, this study was set up to immunocytochemically investigate the development of the catecholaminergic, cholinergic, and peptidergic phenotypes in the stellate ganglion of mice and rats. The present study was performed on Wistar rats and Swiss mice of different ages (newborn, 10-day-old, 20-day-old, 30-day-old, and 60-day-old). To this end, double labeling for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), vasoactive intestinal (poly)peptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), galanin (GAL), and somatostatin (SOM) was applied. The results obtained indicate that the majority of the neurons in the stellate ganglion of both species were TH-positive from birth onward and that a large part of these neurons also contained NPY. The percentage of neurons containing TH and NPY invariably increased with age up to 60 days postnatally. A smaller portion of the stellate ganglion neurons contained other types of neuropeptides and showed a distinct chronological pattern. The proportion of VIP- and ChAT-positive neurons was maximal in 10-day-old animals and then decreased up to 60 days of age, whereas the number of SOM-positive cells in rats significantly decreased from birth onward. In newborn rats, VIP-, ChAT- and SOM-positive neurons were largely TH-positive, while their proportions decreased in 10-day-old and older rats. Accordingly, the largest part of VIP-positive neurons also expressed SOM immunoreactivity at birth, after which the number of neurons containing both peptides diminished. The VIP- and SOM-positive cells did not contain NPY in any of the age groups studied. In rats up to 10 days of life, GAL-immunoreactive (-IR) neurons were scarce, after which their number increased to reach a maximal value in 30-day-old animals and then declined again. The SOM-reactive cells had the smallest size in all rats, while the largest neurons were those containing ChAT. In the mouse stellate ganglion, VIP- and ChAT-IR neurons were larger in comparison to NPY- and TH-IR cells. Our study further revealed some species differences: compared to mice the proportion of neurons containing TH and NPY was higher in rats at all ages under study. Furthermore, no GAL-immunostained neurons were found in mice and the number of SOM-positive cells in mice was limited compared to that observed in rats. In conclusion, the development of neurotransmitter composition is complete in rats and mice by their second month of life. At this age, the percentages of immunopositive cells have become similar to those reported in adult animals.

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Immunohistochemical evidence for different pathways immunoreactive to substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the guinea-pig stellate ganglion

Cited by 32 publications

References 38 publications

Neurones in the chicken ureter are innervated by substance P- and calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing nerve fibres: Immunohistochemical and electrophysiological evidence

Neurones in the chicken ureter are innervated by substance P- and calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing nerve fibres: Immunohistochemical and electrophysiological evidence

Metabolic host responses to infection by intracellular bacterial pathogens

Immunocytochemical properties of stellate ganglion neurons during early postnatal development

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