Immunohistochemical expression of AMACR and Cyclin D1 in bladder urothelial carcinoma in correlation to the histopathological characteristics

Abstract

Background Bladder cancer is the tenth most common cancer in the world, and its incidence is increasing worldwide, particularly in the developed countries. Various markers have an important role in assessing the risk of bladder cancer, and their identification may have an impact on the prognosis or treatment of the tumour. Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) is well known as a marker for prostatic carcinoma. Cyclin D1 is a cell cycle regulator that control G1–S phase progression. Materials and methods Our study was retrospective, including 60 cases of urothelial carcinoma. Immunohistochemical expression was done and evaluated using AMACR and Cyclin D1. Correlations with clinicopathologic parameters were statistically assessed. Results AMACR expression was positive in 31 (51.7%) cases. Cyclin D1 expression was positive in 36 (60%) cases. Positive AMACR expression was significantly correlated with tumour size, high grade, advanced tumour stage, and muscle invasion. Positive Cyclin D1 expression was significantly correlated with papillary histologic type and perivesical soft tissue invasion. A significant correlation was reported between the concordance of positive immunohistochemical expression of both AMACR and Cyclin D1 and tumour grade. Conclusions AMACR expression results suggest the potential for AMACR to be used as a poor prognostic indicator as well as a therapeutic target in urothelial carcinomas. Cyclin D1 expression results implies a function in tumour invasiveness and progression. A significant correlation between concordance of expression of both markers and high tumour grade was reported. Therefore, an interaction between AMACR and Cyclin D1 could be present that has a specific impact on tumour grade.