Immunohistochemical expression of PAX-8 in Sudanese patients diagnosed with malignant female reproductive tract tumors

Abstract

Objectives: Paired box protein-8 (PAX-8) immunohistochemical expression can be used as a diagnostic marker for epithelial cells tumors. This study aimed at investigating the immunohistochemical expression of PAX-8 among Sudanese females diagnosed with cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers between December 2017 and May 2019 by studying their Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded blocks. Results: Sixty patients diagnosed with female reproductive tract cancers were included who aged 58.7 ± 6.9 years (range, 43-71). Cervix was the most common cancer site in 51/60 (85%) patients. Regarding cancer stage, there was 17 (28%) and 14 (23%) of the study population had stage 3B and 2B, respectively. The histopathological diagnosis included 20 (44%), 13 (29%), and 12 (27%) poorly, moderately, and well differentiated cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) as well as 11 (73%), 2 (13%), 1 (7%), and 1 (7%) endometrial adenocarcinoma, metastatic adenocarcinoma, endocervical adenocarcinoma, and ovarian mucinous cyst adenocarcinoma, respectively. PAX-8 was positively expressed in 9 endometrial adenocarcinoma, 1 endocervical adenocarcinoma and 1 ovarian mucinous cyst adenocarcinoma, 2 poorly, and 1 moderately differentiated SCC. All patients diagnosed with well differentiated SCC and metastatic adenocarcinoma showed no expression of PAX-8. A statistically significant was seen for PAX-8 expression and the different histopathological diagnosis, P value < 0.001.

PAX9 functions as a tumor suppressor gene for cervical cancer via modulating cell proliferation and apoptosis

“…Recent studies have shown that some members of PAX family are associated with the CC, 25,26 like PAX1. There was evidence suggesting that PAX1 methylation and HPV infection demonstrated the synergistic effects on the carcinogenesis of CC, 27 which activated multiple phosphatases and inhibited kinase cascades in CC 28 .…”

Knowledge and attitudes towards cervical cancer prevention among women in Khartoum state, Sudan

“…6 , 20 , 22 Adopting Pap smear as a screening tool for the early detection of CC in population-based screening programmes has successfully reduced the incidence of late CC by 85% in several developed countries over the past decades. 10 , 23 …”

“…8 However, Sudan National cancer registry is inactive, and the only data source available is Khartoum Cancer Registry. 8 Therefore, records of cancer cases that existed are mainly obtained from hospitals and fragmented research reports, [9][10][11][12] making planning and implementing preventive and healthcare services towards CC challenging to achieve.…”

“…6,20,22 Adopting Pap smear as a screening tool for the early detection of CC in population-based screening programmes has successfully reduced the incidence of late CC by 85% in several developed countries over the past decades. 10,23 CC can be prevented by either preventing infection with HPV or detecting and treating CIN before progression into invasive cancer. 24,25 While CC is a highly preventable disease in western countries, it is one of the leading causes of death among African women due to the absence of a population-based screening, early detection, and poor case management of the disease.…”

Paired box 8 facilitates the c-MYC related cell cycle progress in TP53-mutation uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma through interaction with DDX5

“…Therefore, PAX8 is considered to be an oncogene, which has the ability to regulate cell proliferation, cell growth, apoptosis and cell migration [ 9 ]. In addition, PAX8 + expression is associated with poor disease outcome in UCEC [ 10 ], but the molecular pathogenesis of PAX8 in UCEC is rarely explored, and its potential role in UCEC is mysterious. In this study, we found that PAX8 can interact with DDX5 protein to regulate downstream gene sets including ribosome, lysosome, ribosome biogenesis, and cell cycle.…”