Immunohistochemical identification of antigens of canine distemper virus in neotropical felids from Southern Brazil

Viana, Nayara Emily; Michelazzo, Mariana de Mello Zanim; Oliveira, Thalita Evani Silva de; Cubas, Zalmir Silvino; Moraes, Wanderlei de; Headley, Selwyn Arlington

doi:10.1111/tbed.13422

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In the Mesoamerican and South American areas, CDV has been described as infecting the cougar (Puma concolor), margay (Leopardus wiedii), jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi), Jaguars (Panther onca), ocelots (Leopardus pardalis), jaguarundis (Puma yaguaroundi), pampas cat (Leopardus colocolo), and other wild canids such as the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), hoary fox (Pseudalopex vetulus), striped hog-nosed skunk (Conepatus semistriatus), and coati (Nasua nasua), among others (Avendano et al, 2016;Furtado et al, 2016;Viana et al, 2020). The animals mentioned above such as cougars, jaguars, and other medium and big carnivorous often prey on livestock and native prey including mesocarnivorous and medium-sized mammals such as anteaters and tamanduas (Cavalcanti and Gese, 2010) which could be shown to be a new reservoir for CDV.…”

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Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) Transit Through the Americas: Need to Assess the Impact of CDV Infection on Species Conservation

et al. 2020

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Canine Morbillivirus (also known as Canine Distemper Virus-CDV) is the causative agent of one of the most important diseases in domestic dogs and wild fauna. It belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family, order Mononegavirales, which has a non-segmented, single-stranded linear negative polarity RNA genome (Lamb and Parks, 2013). The clinical disease is characterized by moderate to severe respiratory signs, gastrointestinal issues, immune suppression, and/or neurological disease (De Vries et al., 2015; Pfeffermann et al., 2018). Beyond domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), CDV infects multiple species within the Order Carnivora, including several wild species as Canidae, Felidae, Procyonidae, Mustelidae, Hyaenidae, Ursidae, and Viverridae families. CDV infection has also been reported in other Orders such as Rodentia (rodents), Primates, Artiodactyla, and Proboscidea (Martinez-Gutierrez and Ruiz-Saenz, 2016). More recently, CDV has been confirmed as the etiological agent of clinical illness in two different families of the Order Pilosa in South America and in one in North America. The first case was reported on a captive southern tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla) with neurological signs (Lunardi et al., 2018). The other case was described in a young giant anteater, showing prostration, nasal, and eye discharge (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). Both of these belong to the Myrmecophagidae Family (Debesa Belizario Granjeiro et al., 2020). Also, in the USA, a Linnaeus's 2-toed sloth (Choloepus didactylus), family Choloepodidae, order Pilosa, was reported with clinical signs that included hyporexia, lethargy, mucopurulent nasal discharge, and oral and facial ulcers confirmed as CDV South America/North America-4 lineage (Watson et al., 2020). However, the complete distribution of different CDV strains and Lineages among wildlife species throughout the Americas have not been thoroughly investigated. Phylogenetic analysis has demonstrated the circulation of a new CDV lineage in the Americas. Classified as "South America/North America-4" due to its intercontinental distribution and the monophyletic grouping, strains have been isolated in dogs from Ecuador and Colombia (South America) and wild and domestic dogs in the United States (North America) (Duque-Valencia et al., 2019a). As plylogeography confirmed, the "South America/North America-4" lineage circulated first in Colombia and Ecuador, then in the United States, and again in Colombia [see Figures 3, 4 in Duque-Valencia et al. (2019a)]. It has been stated that the uncontrolled commercialization of puppies from South America to the United States could be the route of transmission of the "South America/North America-4" lineage among these two continent regions; the role of wildlife in virus dissemination throughout the entire continent can also not be ruled out.

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Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) Transit Through the Americas: Need to Assess the Impact of CDV Infection on Species Conservation

et al. 2020

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“…Severe cases of CDV infection in free-ranging carnivores have been described in Brazil (Megid et al 2010;Megid et al 2013;Michelazzo et al 2020;Viana et al 2020). Antibodies against CDV in unvaccinated dogs have been reported with prevalence rates of 66 and 71.4% in Goiás and Minas Gerais states, respectively (Curi et al 2010;Furtado et al 2016), indicating high exposure levels and the presence of infected animals as potential sources of infection.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In Brazil, CDV outbreaks of large magnitude have not been described. However, severe cases have occasionally been reported, including in a hoary fox, Lycalopex vetulus (Lund, 1842), a lesser grison, Galictis cuja (Molina, 1758), coatis, Nasua nasua (Linnaeus, 1766), and felids (Puma concolor Linnaeus, 1771, Leopardus wiedii Schinz, 1821, and Herpailurus yagouaroundi Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803) (Megid et al 2010;Megid et al 2013;Michelazzo et al 2020;Viana et al 2020).…”

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Exposure of dogs and wild carnivores to canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus, Leishmania infantum, and Toxoplasma gondii in the Xingu River basin, Brazilian Amazon: Prevalence, spatial distribution, and association with land cover types

FORNAZARI,

SEVÁ,

OLIVEIRA

et al. 2023

Acta Amaz.

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Infectious diseases transmitted by domestic dogs can have important consequences for wildlife health. This study aimed to investigate the exposure to four selected pathogens in dogs and wild carnivores in six municipalities in the Xingu River Basin (Pará state, Brazil). The prevalence of positive animals, their spatial distribution, and the association with land cover types were analyzed. Blood samples from 298 dogs and 11 free-ranging wild carnivores were tested through serological diagnoses. The seroprevalence to canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus, Leishmania infantum, and Toxoplasma gondii was 68.6, 75.4, 14.8, and 47.1%, respectively. The seroprevalence to canine distemper virus and T. gondii was significantly higher in dogs than in wild carnivores. Spatial analyses revealed a broad distribution of seropositive animals, except for animals seropositive to L. infantum, which were concentrated in the southern region close to the margins of the Xingu River. Spatial clusters of seropositive animals were detected for all tested pathogens, indicating areas with a greater risk of exposure. Positive results for canine distemper virus, T. gondii, and L. infantum were associated with different types of land cover, and thus were considered risk factors for pathogen exposure. The high seroprevalence of dogs to canine distemper virus and to canine parvovirus are concerning, suggesting risks of transmission to wild species inhabiting areas close to the surveyed communities.

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Canine distemper virus and canine adenovirus type-2 infections in neotropical otters (Lontra longicaudis) from Southern Brazil

et al. 2021

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Immunohistochemical identification of antigens of canine distemper virus in neotropical felids from Southern Brazil

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) Transit Through the Americas: Need to Assess the Impact of CDV Infection on Species Conservation

Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) Transit Through the Americas: Need to Assess the Impact of CDV Infection on Species Conservation

Exposure of dogs and wild carnivores to canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus, Leishmania infantum, and Toxoplasma gondii in the Xingu River basin, Brazilian Amazon: Prevalence, spatial distribution, and association with land cover types

Canine distemper virus and canine adenovirus type-2 infections in neotropical otters (Lontra longicaudis) from Southern Brazil

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