Immunohistochemical Localization of Carboxypeptidases D, E, and Z in Pituitary Adenomas and Normal Human Pituitary

Fan, Xuemo; Olson, Sandy; Blevins, Lewis S.; Allen, George S.; Johnson, Mahlon D.

doi:10.1177/002215540205001111

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…CPE has been found to be involved in pulmonary NETs (He et al 2004), pituitary adenomas (Fan et al 2002), and insulinoma (Wang et al 2004). Suppression of pathways involved in the immune response, inflammatory response, antigen processing, and immune cell activation explained the immunosuppression status of such patients.…”

Section: Y-f Bi R-x Liu Et Al: Gene Expression Profiles Of Thymic Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression profiles of thymic neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoids) with ectopic ACTH syndrome reveal novel molecular mechanism

Bi¹,

Liu²,

Ye³

et al. 2009

Endocrine-Related Cancer

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Although there has been increased knowledge about the molecular biology of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), little is known about thymic carcinoids and even less about those with excessive hormone disorders, such as ectopic ACTH syndrome. This study was designed to gain insights into the molecular networks underlying the tumorigenesis of thymic carcinoids with ACTH secretion. By an approach integrating cDNA microarray and methods of computational biology, we compare gene expression profile between ACTH-producing thymic carcinoids and the normal thymus. In total, there are 63 biological categories increased and 108 decreased in thymic carcinoids. Cell proliferation was stimulated, which may explain the relatively uncontrolled cell growth of the tumor. Dysregulation of the Notch-signaling pathway was likely to be underlying the neuroendocrine features of this type of tumors. Moreover, inhibition of immunity and increased neuropeptide signaling molecules (POMC and its sorting molecule CPE) made the clinical manifestation reasonable and thus validated the array data. In conclusion, thymic carcinoids have a distinct gene expression pattern from the normal thymus, and they are characterized by deregulations of a series of biofunctions, which may be involved in the development of NETs. Hence, this study has provided not only a detailed comprehension of the molecular pathogenesis of thymic carcinoids with ectopic ACTH syndrome, but also a road map to approach thymic NETs at the system level.

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Section: Y-f Bi R-x Liu Et Al: Gene Expression Profiles Of Thymic Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression profiles of thymic neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoids) with ectopic ACTH syndrome reveal novel molecular mechanism

Bi¹,

Liu²,

Ye³

et al. 2009

Endocrine-Related Cancer

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show abstract

“…It is expressed in a variety of NE cells and tumors, including pituitary tumors, and an alteration of prohormone processing have been implicated in the pathogenesis of some pituitary adenomas [96]. Furthermore, CPE expression seems to discriminate EPTs and pheochromocytomas from GI (and pulmonary) carcinoids [97,98].…”

Section: Pulmonary Netsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genes involved in neuroendocrine tumor biology

Hofsli

2006

Pituitary

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The fascinating, but often unpredictable, biology of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) make the management of these malignancies a real challenge. The more recent development of high-throughput genomic and proteomic techniques, have opened a window to an increased knowledge of the biology of NETs. This review will discuss genes thought to play a role in the context of NE tumor biology, with particularly attention to those that may be potential new diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as therapeutic targets. NETs constitute a heterogeneous group of neoplasm that may arise in virtually every topographic localization in the body, as a consequence of malignant transformation of various types of NE cells. Since NETs arising in the gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) or bronchopulmonary system are by far the most common, this review focuses on these entities, but lines are drawn to other NETs as well. Although large-scale gene expression analysis undoubtly have raised interesting new hypothesis concerning genes thought to play a role in tumor biology, discrepancies observed between studies and various platforms used, emphasizes the need to not only standardize the way microarray data are reported, but also to introduce standards in sample taking, processing and study design. In addition, the recognition of the complexity of the human proteome, with regard to generation of multiple isoforms from one gene, has created additional challenges. However,some goals have been reached already, as new knowledge has been translated into development of novel promising therapeutics.

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“…No significant staining was scored as 0, scattered or weak immunostaining as ϩ , and intense immunostaining in approximately 50% or more of respective cells as ϩϩ (Fan et al 2002).…”

Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Estrogen Receptors in Human Corpus Cavernosum and Male Urethra

Dietrich

Haitel

Huber

et al. 2004

J Histochem Cytochem.

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S U M M A R Y Estrogen, largely produced in testis and adrenal gland, may play important roles in male reproduction. Most of the effects of estrogens are mediated by binding of estrogen to one or both of the two estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes ␣ and ␤ . Recently, they have been described in testis, prostate, and efferent ducts, mostly in rodents. The goal of this study was to prove the evidence of ERs in human corpus cavernosum and male urethra, exploring the protein expression of these receptors by immunohistochemistry. Corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum smooth muscle was immunoreactive for the androgen receptor (AR), ER ␣ , and strongly for ER ␤ . Endothelial cells were negative for AR, sporadically positive for ER ␣ , and positive for ER ␤ . Urethral epithelium showed strong nuclear expression of AR, predominantly in the basal cell layer, and nuclear expression of ER ␣ in the intermediate cells. ER ␤ was highly expressed in almost all urethral nuclei and, much more weakly, in cytoplasm. Progesterone receptor (PGR) was negative in all cases and all tissues. These results represent the first report that ER ␣ and particularly ER ␤ are regularly expressed in human penile tissue.

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Immunohistochemical Localization of Carboxypeptidases D, E, and Z in Pituitary Adenomas and Normal Human Pituitary

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

Gene expression profiles of thymic neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoids) with ectopic ACTH syndrome reveal novel molecular mechanism

Gene expression profiles of thymic neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoids) with ectopic ACTH syndrome reveal novel molecular mechanism

Genes involved in neuroendocrine tumor biology

Expression of Estrogen Receptors in Human Corpus Cavernosum and Male Urethra

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