Immunohistochemical localization of κ opioid receptors in the human frontal cortex

Schmidt, Péter; Schröder, Hannsjörg; Maderspach, Katalin; Staak, M

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)90483-9

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Regions that were shown to express the opioid receptors include the frontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, hippocampus, thalamus, and hypothalamus (Quirion et al, 1983;Quirion, 1984;Mansour et al, 1987Mansour et al, , 1994bMansour et al, , 1985Schmidt et al, 1994;Svingos et al, 1996). Two regions prominent in opioid-mediated antinociception, the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) were identified as expressing opioid receptors.…”

Section: Supraspinal Sites Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Antinociceptive and nociceptive actions of opioids

et al. 2004

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Although the opioids are the principal treatment options for moderate to severe pain, their use is also associated with the development of tolerance, defined as the progressive need for higher doses to achieve a constant analgesic effect. The mechanisms which underlie this phenomenon remain unclear. Recent studies revealed that cholecystokinin (CCK) is upregulated in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) during persistent opioid exposure. CCK is both antiopioid and pronociceptive, and activates descending pain facilitation mechanisms from the RVM enhancing nociceptive transmission at the spinal cord and promoting hyperalgesia. The neuroplastic changes elicited by opioid exposure reflect adaptive changes to promote increased pain transmission and consequent diminished antinociception (i.e., tolerance).

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Section: Supraspinal Sites Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Antinociceptive and nociceptive actions of opioids

et al. 2004

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“…Recently, the KOR cDNA has been cloned from a human brain cDNA library (14), and immunocytochemical staining revealed the presence of the neuronal KOR in postsynaptic sites (15,16). Over 80% of the cells in the cerebral cortex, however, are glial cells, and there is suggestive evidence for KOR in rodent astrocytes (17)(18)(19),, the predominant cell type within the brain.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

kappa opioid receptors in human microglia downregulate human immunodeficiency virus 1 expression.

Chao

Gekker

et al. 1996

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

138

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Microglial cells, the resident macrophages of the brain, play an important role in the neuropathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and recent studies suggest that opioid peptides regulate the function of macrophages from somatic tissues. We report herein the presence of ic opioid receptors (KORs) in human fetal microglia and inhibition of HIV-1 expression in acutely infected microglial cell cultures treated with KOR ligands. Using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and sequencing analyses, we found that mRNA for the KOR was constitutively expressed in microglia and determined that the nucleotide sequence of the open reading frame was identical to that of the human brain KOR gene. The expression of KOR in microglial cells was confirmed by membrane binding of [31H]U69,593, a c-selective ligand, and by indirect immunofluorescence. Treatment of microglial cell cultures with U50,488 or U69,593 resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of expression of the monocytotropic HIV-1 SF162 strain. This antiviral effect of the ic ligands was blocked by the specific KOR antagonist, nor-binaltrophimine. These findings suggest that c opioid agonists have immunomodulatory activity in the brain, and that these compounds could have potential in the treatment of HIV-1-associated encephalopathy.Activation of the three major types of opioid receptors (i.e., t,

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“…All three known classes of opioid receptors, , ␦, and , are distributed in discrete regions of the human brain, as shown by in vitro binding assays, 10 -13 receptor autoradiography, 14 immunohistochemistry, [15][16] Northern or Southern blot analyses, and in situ hybridization. [17][18][19][20][21] Evidence for neuronal localization of the opioid receptors in nonneoplastic human brain tissue is based on in situ hybridization studies of the human fetal and neonatal spinal cord, 20 immunohistochemistry of human brain regions, 15,17 and extrapolation from our knowledge of the rodent brain.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Immunohistochemical studies of the human frontal cortex suggest that some astrocytic -opioid receptors are present. 15 In addition, receptors occur in microglial primary cultures that are isolated from human fetal brain tissue as shown by both binding assays with [ 3 H]U69,593 and detection of -opioid receptor mRNA. 22 Specific opioid binding has been identified in human gliomas by in vitro binding assays.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[17][18][19][20][21] Evidence for neuronal localization of the opioid receptors in nonneoplastic human brain tissue is based on in situ hybridization studies of the human fetal and neonatal spinal cord, 20 immunohistochemistry of human brain regions, 15,17 and extrapolation from our knowledge of the rodent brain. There has been less information regarding opioid sites in nonneoplastic human glia.…”

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confidence: 99%

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