Immunohistochemical studies on the development of prochymosin‐ and pepsinogen‐containing cells in bovine abomasal mucosa.

Andrén, Anders; Björck, Lennart; Claesson, O

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1982.sp014229

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…9). Fetal synthesis of pepsinogen A and progastricsin begins at about 140 and 180 days, respectively, and increases so that their summed level is nearly the same as that of prochymosin around weaning, 6~10 weeks after birth, before reaching a maximum in adult cattle [131].…”

Section: Change In Expression From Fetal/infant To Adult-type Pepsinomentioning

confidence: 99%

Pepsinogens, progastricsins, and prochymosins: structure, function, evolution, and development

Kageyama¹

2002

CMLS, Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

230

214

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Five types of zymogens of pepsins, gastric digestive proteinases, are known: pepsinogens A, B, and F, progastricsin, and prochymosin. The amino acid and/or nucleotide sequences of more than 50 pepsinogens other than pepsinogen B have been determined to date. Phylogenetic analyses based on these sequences indicate that progastricsin diverged first followed by prochymosin, and that pepsinogens A and F are most closely related. Tertiary structures, clarified by X-ray crystallography, are commonly bilobal with a large active-site cleft between the lobes. Two aspartates in the center of the cleft, Asp32 and Asp215, function as catalytic residues, and thus pepsinogens are classified as aspartic proteinases. Conversion of pepsinogens to pepsins proceeds autocatalytically at acidic pH by two different pathways, a one-step pathway to release the intact activation segment directly, and a stepwise pathway through a pseudo-pepsin(s). The active-site cleft is large enough to accommodate at least seven residues of a substrate, thus forming S4 through S'3 subsites. Hydrophobic and aromatic amino acids are preferred at the P1 and P'1 positions. Interactions at additional subsites are important in some cases, for example with cleavage of kappa-casein by chymosin. Two potent naturally occurring inhibitors are known: pepstatin, a pentapeptide from Streptomyces, and a unique proteinous inhibitor from Ascaris. Pepsinogen genes comprise nine exons and may be multiple, especially for pepsinogen A. The latter and progastricsin predominate in adult animals, while pepsinogen F and prochymosin are the main forms in the fetus/infant. The switching of gene expression from fetal/infant to adult-type pepsinogens during postnatal development is noteworthy, being regulated by several factors, including steroid hormones.

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Section: Change In Expression From Fetal/infant To Adult-type Pepsinomentioning

confidence: 99%

Pepsinogens, progastricsins, and prochymosins: structure, function, evolution, and development

Kageyama¹

2002

CMLS, Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

230

214

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“…Samloff and Liebman (1973) and Liebman and Samloff (1978, 19791, on the other hand, found progastricsin (Pg 11) mainly in the chief and mucous neck cells of the fundic glands and in only the base of the pyloric glands in human, pig, cat, and dog. According to these investigators (Samloff, 1971;Samloff and Liebman, 1973), pepsinogen (Pg I) is produced in the fundic but not in the pyloric region of human, while we in this and earlier investigations (Andren et al, 1982;Andren and Bjorck, 1986) have shown the existence of pepsinogen immunoreactivity in most of the cells in both fundic and pyloric glands of cattle. This is most likely due to evolutionary differences, as the guinea pig (Cheret et al, 19741, cat, dog, andpig (Liebman andSamloff, 1978, 1979) also produce pepsinogen in both fundic and pyloric glands, while the rat has no pepsinogen (Pg I) at all in the stomach (Muto et al, 1980;Lai et al, 1988) and only produces progastricsin (Pg 11) in fundic and pyloric glands (Lai et al, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…ready been reported by Andren et al (1982) and Andren and Bjorck (1986) and Miura et al (1988). Prochymosin-immunoreactive cells were found even in the primitive fundic gland of 10-week-old calf fetuses, and was then produced by almost all cells in the fundic gland as long as the calf was fed milk (shown to the age of 6 months).…”

mentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Nevertheless, the immunoreactivity of progastricsin is very bright and distinct (controls negative), which clearly indicated the presence of progastricsin in these cells. In earlier studies, Andren et al (1982) and Andren and Bjorck (1986) have also shown pepsinogen and, as long as the calf is fed milk, prochy-mosin, to be located in surface mucous cells and mucous neck cells. This means that those cells can produce all the three aspartic proteases if the calf is older than about 45 days and fed milk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Immunohistochemical studies on the development of cells containing progastricsin (minor pepsinogen) in comparison to prochymosin and pepsinogen in bovine abomasal mucosa

Cybulski¹,

Andrén

1990

Anat. Rec.

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The localization of progastricsin was studied in cells of abomasal mucosa from cattle of different ages and feeding regimes and compared to the localization of prochymosin and pepsinogen in the same material by use of an immunofluorescence technique with specific rabbit antibodies. Immunoreactivity for progastricsin was first found in calves at the age of about 45 days in surface mucous cells in the pit of the fundic gland. In older calves and adults, mucous neck cells also produced progastricsin. In the pyloric mucosa, on the other hand, traces of progastricsin immunoreactivity were found in the lower base of the pyloric gland even in newborn calves. When the calves grew older, progastricsin-immunoreactive cells also developed in the pit and later in the neck of the pyloric gland; and the number of these cells in this region increased with age. The development of progastricsin-producing cells seemed to be influenced only by age and not by the feeding of milk to the calves. The ontogeny of progastricsin, prochymosin, and pepsinogen exhibited an interesting pattern in cattle, as they started to be produced at three different ages and gave three different patterns of development in the cells of abomasal mucosa. The number of cells producing prochymosin was closely correlated with milk-feeding, while the development of progastricsin was most related to the age of the calf. The most stable factor during the development of the cells in the abomasum was the number of cells producing pepsinogen.

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“…The milk composition in the diet can stimulate the formation of mature chief cells excreting prochymosin and propepsin. Without stimulation of the milk composition, the fundus gland can only produce the chief cells secreting propepsin (Andren et al 1982). With continuous suckling, the secretion of prochymosin could last at least 6 months (Andren and Bjorck 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of age and suckling on chymosin and pepsin activities in abomasums of goat kids

Zhang

Chen

Yang

et al. 2005

Int J of Dairy Tech

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The effects of age and suckling on the chymosin and pepsin activities in abomasums of goat kids were studied using column chromatography. The results showed that the chymosin activity in abomasums of suckling kids at 5 days of age was significantly greater than other age groups (P < 0.01); chymosin activity of random suckling kids decreased with increasing age (P < 0.01); chymosin activity of weaned kids gradually decreased from 10 to 20 days (P < 0.01), and then remained unchanged (P < 0.05); pepsin activity showed a trend of increasing with the advance of age. For kids of the same age, the chymosin activity in the suckling group ranked the highest, the random suckling group the second, and the weaned group the last, but the pepsin activity was in reverse order.

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Immunohistochemical studies on the development of prochymosin‐ and pepsinogen‐containing cells in bovine abomasal mucosa.

Cited by 20 publications

References 15 publications

Pepsinogens, progastricsins, and prochymosins: structure, function, evolution, and development

Pepsinogens, progastricsins, and prochymosins: structure, function, evolution, and development

Immunohistochemical studies on the development of cells containing progastricsin (minor pepsinogen) in comparison to prochymosin and pepsinogen in bovine abomasal mucosa

Effects of age and suckling on chymosin and pepsin activities in abomasums of goat kids

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