Immunohistochemical Study of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Trigeminal Ganglia of a Crotaline Snake Trimeresurus flavoviridis

Moon, Changjong; Terashima, Shin-Ichi; Shin, Taekyun

doi:10.1292/jvms.66.1007

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Previous studies classified primary afferent neurons in the trigeminal ganglia of different species of pit vipers according to morphological characteristics (Kishida et al, ; Terashima and Liang, ; Liang et al, ), general appearance in Nissl‐stained material (Kishida et al, ), and immunohistochemistry (Moon et al, ). Infrared‐sensitive ganglion cells in pit vipers are comparable in size to nociceptive A‐δ neurons, smaller than tactile neurons, and larger than mechanical nociceptive neurons (Liang et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organotopic organization of the primary Infrared Sensitive Nucleus (LTTD) in the western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox)

Kohl

Bothe

Luksch

et al. 2014

J of Comparative Neurology

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Pit vipers (Crotalinae) have a specific sensory system that detects infrared radiation with bilateral pit organs in the upper jaw. Each pit organ consists of a thin membrane, innervated by three trigeminal nerve branches that project to a specific nucleus in the dorsal hindbrain. The known topographic organization of infrared signals in the optic tectum prompted us to test the implementation of spatiotopically aligned sensory maps through hierarchical neuronal levels from the peripheral epithelium to the first central site in the hindbrain, the nucleus of the lateral descending trigeminal tract (LTTD). The spatial organization of the anatomical connections was revealed in a novel in vitro whole-brain preparation of the western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) that allowed specific application of multiple neuronal tracers to identified pit-organ-supplying trigeminal nerve branches. After adequate survival times, the entire peripheral and central projections of fibers within the pit membrane and the LTTD became visible. This approach revealed a morphological partition of the pit membrane into three well-defined sensory areas with largely separated innervations by the three main branches. The peripheral segregation of infrared afferents in the sensory epithelium was matched by a differential termination of the afferents within different areas of the LTTD, with little overlap. This result demonstrates a topographic organizational principle of the snake infrared system that is implemented by maintaining spatially aligned representations of environmental infrared cues on the sensory epithelium through specific neuronal projections at the level of the first central processing stage, comparable to the visual system. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:3943-3959, 2014.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organotopic organization of the primary Infrared Sensitive Nucleus (LTTD) in the western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox)

Kohl

Bothe

Luksch

et al. 2014

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…3 shows a diagram of the TG structure in crotaline snakes. Based on its specialized structure, several immunohistochemical studies have described the distribution of various neuronal signals in the TG, including calcitonin gene-related peptide [28], neuronal and endothelial nitric oxide synthases [29, 30], and protein kinase C delta [31]. …”

Section: The Trigeminal Sensory System Connects Ir Sensation To the Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared-sensitive pit organ and trigeminal ganglion in the crotaline snakes

Moon

2011

Anat Cell Biol

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The infrared (IR) receptors in the pit organ of crotaline snakes are very sensitive to temperature. The sensitivity to IR radiation is much greater in crotaline snakes than in boid snakes because they have a thermosensitive membrane suspended in a pair of pits that comprise the pit organ. The vasculature of the pit membrane, which is located near IR-sensitive terminal nerve masses, the IR receptors, supplies the blood necessary to provide cooling and the energy and oxygen that the IR receptors require. The ophthalmic and maxillary branches of the trigeminal nerve innervate the pit membrane. In crotaline snakes, the trigeminal ganglion (TG) is divided into the ophthalmic and maxillomandibular ganglia; a prominent septum further separates the two divisions of the maxillomandibular ganglion. The TG neurons in the ophthalmic ganglion and the maxillary division of the maxillomandibular ganglion relay IR sensation to the brain. This article reviews the IR-sensitive pit organ and trigeminal sensory system structures in crotaline snakes.

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Phylogenesis of constitutively formed nitric oxide in non-mammals

Toda¹,

Ayajiki²

2006

Reviews of Physiology Biochemistry and Pharmacology

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Immunohistochemical Study of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Trigeminal Ganglia of a Crotaline Snake Trimeresurus flavoviridis

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Organotopic organization of the primary Infrared Sensitive Nucleus (LTTD) in the western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox)

Organotopic organization of the primary Infrared Sensitive Nucleus (LTTD) in the western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox)

Infrared-sensitive pit organ and trigeminal ganglion in the crotaline snakes

Phylogenesis of constitutively formed nitric oxide in non-mammals

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