Immunohistochemical versus Molecular Detection of RAK Antigens in Breast Cancer

Kyriacou, Kyriacos; Iacovou, Froso; Adamou, Adamos; Hadjisavvas, Andreas; Rakowicz-Szulczynska, Eva M.

doi:10.1006/exmp.2000.2310

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This suggests that a retrovirus related to HIV‐1 may be associated with breast cancer. RAK antigens are detectable in breast cancer by Western blotting as well as immunostaining (using the monoclonal antibody RAK‐BrI) of formalin‐fixed and frozen tissue sections (83). HIV itself can infect and thereby reduce the growth of normal human mammary epithelial cells, without causing cytopathic changes (84,85).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathology of the Breast Associated With HIV/AIDS

Pantanowitz

Connolly

2002

Breast Journal

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Breast pathology that is characteristic of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has not been addressed in the literature. HIV may directly and indirectly affect the glandular, mesenchymal, and intramammary lymphoid tissue in seropositive patients. Likely infections in this setting include tuberculous mastitis and pyogenic abscesses that may lead to fatal septicemia. Benign stromal changes include gynecomastia, adipose tissue deposition as part of the fat maldistribution syndrome, and pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia. Breast carcinoma in HIV-infected patients occurs at a relatively early age, with increased bilateral disease, unusual histology, and early metastatic spread with a poor outcome. However, the link between breast cancer and HIV remains controversial. Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma may also be localized to the breast in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This article reviews benign and malignant breast diseases that are likely to be encountered in patients with HIV/AIDS.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathology of the Breast Associated With HIV/AIDS

Pantanowitz

Connolly

2002

Breast Journal

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“…In particular, we show the detection of cancer oncomarker RAK I, a common 21-mer biomarker in patients with prostate, breast and gynecological cancer. 34 Specifically, optical detection of hybridization with complementary DNA in nanoporous membranes down to the single-molecule level is demonstrated. The immobilized fluorescently tagged DNAs are detected inside the nanoporous membranes using depth profiling with confocal microscopy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-high-density 3D DNA arrays within nanoporous biocompatible membranes for single-molecule-level detection and purification of circulating nucleic acids

et al. 2015

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Extracellular nucleic acids freely circulating in blood and other physiologic fluids are important biomarkers for non-invasive diagnostics and early detection of cancer and other diseases, yet difficult to detect because they exist in very low concentrations and large volumes. Here we demonstrate a new broad-range sensor platform for ultrasensitive and selective detection of circulating DNA down to the single-molecule level. The biosensor is based on a chemically functionalized nanoporous diamond-like carbon (DLC) coated alumina membrane. The few nanometer-thick, yet perfect and continuous DLC-coating confers the chemical stability and biocompatibility of the sensor, allowing its direct application in biological conditions. The selective detection is based on complementary hybridization of a fluorescently-tagged circulating cancer oncomarker (a 21-mer nucleic acid) with covalently immobilized DNA on the surface of the membrane. The captured DNAs are detected in the nanoporous structure of the sensor using confocal scanning laser microscopy. The flow-through membrane sensor demonstrates broad-range sensitivity, spanning from 10(15) molecules per cm(2) down to single molecules, which is several orders of magnitude improvement compared to the flat DNA microarrays. Our study suggests that these flow-through type nanoporous sensors represent a new powerful platform for large volume sampling and ultrasensitive detection of different chemical biomarkers.

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