Immunohistolocalization and Gene Expression of the Secretory Carbonic Anhydrase Isozymes (CA‐VI) in Canine Oral Mucosa, Salivary Glands and Oesophagus

Abstract

The immunohistolocalization of secretory carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes (CA-VI) in canine salivary glands, parotid, submandibular, sublingual and zygomatic glands, oral and oesophageal mucosa was studied using a specific antiserum against a canine CA-VI. In addition, the gene expression of CA-VI from the same tissue was studied using a real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. In all salivary glands and oesophageal gland, immunostaining intensely localized CA-VI antiserum throughout the cytoplasm of serous acinar cells, including serous demilune and ductal epithelial cells. In contrast, no immunoreaction localized CA-VI in the mucous acinar cells of the gland. CA-VI gene transcripts were also detected in the same areas. The physiological significance of secretory CA-VI in the oral and oesophageal cavity is thought to play a highly specialized role in the maintenance of bicarbonate level in saliva and to protect mucosa from acid injury. It is shown that the major sites of the CA-VI secretion in dogs were in serous (demilune) secretory cells in all four major salivary glands and oesophageal glands in particular.

The Expression of Carbonic Anhydrase in Canine Mammary Gland and Mammary Gland Tumor

“…regulation of mammary gland functioning. Although the expression of CA isoenzymes in gastrointestinal system of dog has already been documented [7], this study marked for the first time, the expression of CA II, IV, VI and IX in the mammary gland tissue and mammary gland tumor tissues of dogs. In human, CA IX expression was associated with bad relapse-free survival and overall survival in an unselected cohort of patients with invasive breast carcinoma.…”

“…Chia and colleagues, meanwhile, indicated CA IX might be a marker of hypoxia within breast carcinomas [2]. The distribution of CA isoenzymes in gastrointestinal system of dog has already documented [7]. However, the information concerning the distribution of CA in canine mammary gland tumor was not documented.…”

Immunohistolocalization and Gene Expression of Secretory Carbonic Anhydrase Isoenzyme CA-VI in Canine Nasal Cavity

“…CA-VI antibody: Canine salivary CA-VI was purified as described [14] and then used to determine antiserum specificity by means of double immunodiffusion [29].…”

“…At least 14 distinct active isoenzymes of CA are widely distributed throughout mammalian organs [11]. Of these isoenzymes, only CA-VI occurs in secreted form, and it localizes to the digestive organs, specifically the parotid, submandibular and esophageal, lingual serous von Ebner's glands in sheep [8,9,31], rats [7,18,23], humans [13,18,20,24,29] and dogs [2,14,21]. Furthermore, the CA-VI isoenzyme has been identified in the lacrimal and mammary glands of rats [26], sheep [25] and cattle [12,16].…”

Immunohistochemical Localization and Gene Expression of Carbonic Anhydrase Isoenzymes CA-II and CA-VI in Canine Lower Airways and Lung

“…CA-II is the most common CA family and these enzymes exhibit high catalytic activity in erythrocytes, liver, pancreas and kidney cells [15], and in the cells of the parotid and submandibular glands [13]. CA-VI is one of the secreted-type CAs, and has been detected in the salivary glands [6], mammary glands [5] and lacrimal glands [11].…”