Immunohistological analysis of CD1a ⁺ langerhans cells and CD57 ⁺ natural killer cells in healthy and diseased human gingival tissue: A comparative study

Abstract

Background:Cell interaction between dendritic cells (DC) and natural killer (NK) cells in the periodontal milieu is not yet fully known, although these cells are individually known to contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.Materials and Methods:Fifty subjects (25 males and 25 females) were included in the study. The subjects were divided into three groups: Group A comprised 16 subjects with clinically healthy gingiva; group B 17 subjects with gingivitis; and group C 17 subjects with gingivitis; and group C 17 subjects with moderate periodontitis (PPD ≥ 5 mm and CAL ≥ 3 mm in at least six sites). Gingival samples were collected and immunohistochemical study was done using CD57 and CD1a antibody. Statistical analysis was done using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison for CD1a and Tukey's highly significant difference (HSD) test for CD57.Results and Conclusion:The study showed an inverse relationship between the CD1a+ (langerhans) cells and CD57+ (natural killer) cells. There was a significant increase in CD57+ cells and reduction in CD1a levels as periodontal disease progressed. The significant reduction in CD1a levels in periodontal disease when compared to health could possibly be a result of NK cells down regulating it. Reduction in CD1a levels may result in a low inflammatory response subsequently resulting in tissue destruction.

The influence of KIR gene presence/absence polymorphisms on the development of periodontal disease in smokers and non-smokers

“…The results of studies assessing the role of NK cells in periodontal disease are inconclusive. Although several studies have shown some correlation between periodontal disease and NK cell numbers and phenotype [ 44 - 46 ], others have failed to show any relationship [ 47 ]. Also the results of studies examining the effect of smoking on NK cells are different.…”

Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis HN019 presents antimicrobial potential against periodontopathogens and modulates the immunological response of oral mucosa in periodontitis patients

“…In fact, there are controversies in the literature regarding the relation between NK cells and the severity of periodontal disease. While several studies demonstrated some correlation between periodontal status and the number and phenotype of NK cells, others did not show any relation between them [47][48][49][50][51].…”

Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide Induced Proliferation and Activation of Natural Killer Cells in Vivo

“…IFN-γ production in NK cells is mediated by interactions with other innate immune cells, such as macrophages and DCs, or pro-inflammatory cytokines, notably interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-2 [15,16]. In addition, in periodontitis lesions, infiltration and activation of NK cells have been demonstrated in inflamed gingival tissues and periodontal tissue destruction [17,18,19].…”