Immunoinformatic comparison of T-cell epitopes contained in novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus with epitopes in 2008–2009 conventional influenza vaccine

Immunogenicity of Therapeutic Fusion Proteins: Contributory Factors and Clinical Experience

“…The common ground between these tools is the ability to quickly screen large datasets, including whole genomes, for prediction of T cell epitopes. These types of predictions have successfully been applied both to vaccine development [37][38][39][40][41] and to the identification of key epitopes triggering autoimmunity [42].…”

T Cell-Mediated Protection against Lethal 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus Infection in a Mouse Model

“…It is also known that CD4 and CD8 T-cell-mediated immunity could provide heterologous protection against different influenza virus subtypes or variants of the same strains (13,15,21,26). In addition, published data have shown that conserved CD4 and CD8 T-cell epitopes against the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus exist in the general population (12,18,20,42), but in vivo support for whether T cells contribute to the control of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus is lacking. To explore the protection mechanism in vivo, mice were primed with old and contemporary influenza virus isolates and rechallenged with a virus derived from a 2009 H1N1 virus isolated in California.…”

Swine-origin influenza-virus-induced acute lung injury: Novel or classical pathogenesis?

“…Split and subunit vaccines have subsequently proven to be safe and have been delivered to many millions of people for several decades. [65] . These vaccines need to be revised every 1-3 years owing to mutations in the HA and NA proteins of globally circulating influenza viruses.…”

“…Very recently, oral administration of heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum L-137 (HK-LP) [88][89][90][91][92] , a strain isolated from fermented food, exhibited protection against influenza virus A/FM/1/47 (H1N1) infection in C57BL/6 mice; the survival time was significantly prolonged in mice treated with HK-LP [88] . Moreover, the viral titers in the lung were significantly lower in mice treated with HK-LP at the early stage after influenza virus infection, and an appreciable level of IFN-β was detected in the serum of mice treated with HK-LP, which suggested that HK-LP, a potent IFN-β as well as IL-12 inducer, is useful for Adapted from WHO [65] . prevention against influenza virus infection [88] .…”