Immunolocalization of choline acetyltransferase of common type in the central brain mass of Octopus vulgaris

Casini, Arianna; Vaccaro, Rosa; D'Este, Loredana; Sakaue, Yuko; Bellier, Jean-Pierre; Kimura, Hiroshi; Renda, T

doi:10.4081/ejh.2012.e34

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…We identified a few dispersed clusters of cells in the cortical layers and several fibers in the neuropil where cChAT-IR has been identified. There is extensive evidence for acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter in other parts of both the central and peripheral components of the nervous system in cephalopods (for review see Messenger, 1996 ; but see also Bellanger et al, 1997 , 2005 ; Kimura et al, 2007 ; D'Este et al, 2008 ; Casini et al, 2012 ; Sakaue et al, 2014 ) and its role as a neurotransmitter is further supported by genomic evidence for acetylcholine receptor subunits in O. bimaculoides (Albertin et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sections were then washed in PBS and incubated with a primary antibody against NeuN (rabbit polyclonal; Cy3 conjugate) . b To detect cChAT-ir we followed recommendations provided by Casini et al ( 2012 ) . …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To detect cChAT immunoreactivity we followed the standard protocol utilized for octopus (Casini et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Gastric Ganglion of Octopus vulgaris: Preliminary Characterization of Gene- and Putative Neurochemical-Complexity, and the Effect of Aggregata octopiana Digestive Tract Infection on Gene Expression

et al. 2017

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The gastric ganglion is the largest visceral ganglion in cephalopods. It is connected to the brain and is implicated in regulation of digestive tract functions. Here we have investigated the neurochemical complexity (through in silico gene expression analysis and immunohistochemistry) of the gastric ganglion in Octopus vulgaris and tested whether the expression of a selected number of genes was influenced by the magnitude of digestive tract parasitic infection by Aggregata octopiana. Novel evidence was obtained for putative peptide and non-peptide neurotransmitters in the gastric ganglion: cephalotocin, corticotrophin releasing factor, FMRFamide, gamma amino butyric acid, 5-hydroxytryptamine, molluscan insulin-related peptide 3, peptide PRQFV-amide, and tachykinin–related peptide. Receptors for cholecystokininA and cholecystokininB, and orexin2 were also identified in this context for the first time. We report evidence for acetylcholine, dopamine, noradrenaline, octopamine, small cardioactive peptide related peptide, and receptors for cephalotocin and octopressin, confirming previous publications. The effects of Aggregata observed here extend those previously described by showing effects on the gastric ganglion; in animals with a higher level of infection, genes implicated in inflammation (NFκB, fascin, serpinB10 and the toll-like 3 receptor) increased their relative expression, but TNF-α gene expression was lower as was expression of other genes implicated in oxidative stress (i.e., superoxide dismutase, peroxiredoxin 6, and glutathione peroxidase). Elevated Aggregata levels in the octopuses corresponded to an increase in the expression of the cholecystokininA receptor and the small cardioactive peptide-related peptide. In contrast, we observed decreased relative expression of cephalotocin, dopamine β-hydroxylase, peptide PRQFV-amide, and tachykinin-related peptide genes. A discussion is provided on (i) potential roles of the various molecules in food intake regulation and digestive tract motility control and (ii) the difference in relative gene expression in the gastric ganglion in octopus with relatively high and low parasitic loads and the similarities to changes in the enteric innervation of mammals with digestive tract parasites. Our results provide additional data to the described neurochemical complexity of O. vulgaris gastric ganglion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Gastric Ganglion of Octopus vulgaris: Preliminary Characterization of Gene- and Putative Neurochemical-Complexity, and the Effect of Aggregata octopiana Digestive Tract Infection on Gene Expression

et al. 2017

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“…lying in the inner zones of the cortex, either singly or in clusters of up to six (Fig 1C,D). Both AMs and LNs are morphologically typical invertebrate monopolar neurons (Bullock and Horridge 1965;Young 1971).…”

Section: The Msfl-vl Memory Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotransmission and neuromodulation systems in the learning and memory network ofOctopus vulgaris

Stern-Mentch

Carrington²,

Belenky

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The vertical lobe (VL) in the octopus brain plays an essential role in its sophisticated learning and memory. Early anatomical studies suggested that the VL is organized in a “fan-out fan-in” connectivity matrix comprising only three morphologically identified neuron types; input axons from the superior frontal lobe (SFL) innervating en passant millions of small amacrine interneurons (AMs) which converge sharply onto large VL output neurons (LNs). Recent physiological studies confirmed the feedforward excitatory connectivity: a glutamatergic synapse at the first SFL-to-AM synaptic layer and a cholinergic AM-to-LNs synapse. SFL-to-AMs synapses show a robust hippocampal-like activity-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) of transmitter release. 5-HT, octopamine, dopamine and nitric oxide modulate short- and long-term VL synaptic plasticity. Here we present a comprehensive histolabeling study to better characterize the neural elements in the VL. We generally confirmed glutamatergic SFLs and cholinergic AMs. Intense labeling for NOS activity in the AMs neurites fitted with the NO-dependent presynaptic LTP mechanism at the SFL-to-AM synapse. New discoveries here reveal more heterogeneity of the VL neurons than previously thought. GABAergic AMs suggest a subpopulation of inhibitory interneurons in the first input layer. Clear GABA labeling in the cell bodies of LNs supported an inhibitory VL output yet the LNs co-expressed FMRFamide-like neuropeptides suggesting an additional neuromodulatory role of the VL output. Furthermore, a group of LNs was glutamatergic. A new cluster of cells organized in a “deep nucleus” showed rich catecholaminergic labeling and may play a role in intrinsic neuromodulation. In situ hybridization and immunolabeling allowed characterization and localization of a rich array of neuropeptides and neuromodulatores, likely involved in reward/punishment signals. This analysis of the fast transmission system, together with the newly found cellular elements helps integrate behavioral, physiological, pharmacological and connectome findings into a more comprehensive understanding of an efficient learning and memory network.

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“…The potential of immuno-histochemistry for elucidating nerve cell differentiation during development was apparent in the review article by Oboti et al on the rodent olfactory system 92 as well as in other papers concerning the nervous system in mammalian species 53 , 93 - 100 and in invertebrates. 101 , 102 …”

Section: Histochemistry and Cytochemistry In Recent Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Histochemistry as an irreplaceable approach for investigating functional cytology and histology

Pellicciari

2013

Eur J Histochem

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In agreement with the evolution of histochemistry over the last fifty years and thanks to the impressive advancements in microscopy sciences, the application of cytochemical techniques to light and electron microscopy is more and more addressed to elucidate the functional characteristics of cells and tissue under different physiological, pathological or experimental conditions. Simultaneously, the mere description of composition and morphological features has become increasingly sporadic in the histochemical literature. Since basic research on cell functional organization is essential for understanding the mechanisms responsible for major biological processes such as differentiation or growth control in normal and tumor tissues, histochemical Journals will continue to play a pivotal role in the field of cell and tissue biology in all its structural and functional aspects.

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Immunolocalization of choline acetyltransferase of common type in the central brain mass of Octopus vulgaris

Cited by 12 publications

References 63 publications

The Gastric Ganglion of Octopus vulgaris: Preliminary Characterization of Gene- and Putative Neurochemical-Complexity, and the Effect of Aggregata octopiana Digestive Tract Infection on Gene Expression

The Gastric Ganglion of Octopus vulgaris: Preliminary Characterization of Gene- and Putative Neurochemical-Complexity, and the Effect of Aggregata octopiana Digestive Tract Infection on Gene Expression

Neurotransmission and neuromodulation systems in the learning and memory network ofOctopus vulgaris

Histochemistry as an irreplaceable approach for investigating functional cytology and histology

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