“…The expression of INSL 3 in adult testes suggests its role in reproduction. A specific association of mutations in INSL 3 genes with bilateral cryptorchidism has been indicated in animals and human in recent years (Foresta & Ferlin, ; El et al ., ; Williams et al ., ; Arrighi et al ., ; Ivell & Anand‐Ivell, ; Bay et al ., ). However, only a few studies have analysed the relationship between spermatogenesis in men with INSL 3 (Amory et al ., ; Huang et al ., ,b; Assis et al ., ; Sagata et al ., ).…”