Immunolocalization of the Smooth Muscle-Specific Protein Calponin in Complex and Mixed Tumors of the Mammary Gland of the Dog: Assessment of the Morphogenetic Role of the Myoepithelium

Monteros, A. Espinosa de los; Millán, M. Y.; Ordás, J.; Carrasco, L.; Reymundo, C.; Mulas, J. Martı́n de las

doi:10.1354/vp.39-2-247

Cited by 48 publications

(56 citation statements)

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“…The retained normal mammary tissue of the TDLU displayed an identical staining pattern as observed in the human 23 and canine mammary gland 8,9 (ie, CK AE1/AE3 stained luminal secretory epithelial cells as well as basal MECs, whereas the basal MECs were immunopositive for calponin, p63, SMA, and vimentin). This confirms that-also in rabbits-calponin, p63, and SMA can be used as MEC markers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions in the Mammary Gland of 24 Pet Rabbits

2013

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The aim of this retrospective study (2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011) was to examine mammary tumors and tumor-like lesions in 24 pet rabbits by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Rabbits were aged 2 to 8 years. Seventeen were female and 7 female-spayed. Diagnosed tumor-like lesions were lobular hyperplasia (2 rabbits) and multiple cysts (10 rabbits). Tumors included cystadenoma (7 tumors; 3 rabbits), intraductal papilloma (2 tumors; 1 rabbit), intraductal papillary carcinoma (1 tumor), adenocarcinoma (14 tumors; 13 rabbits), adenosquamous carcinoma (2 tumors; 2 rabbits), and matrix-producing carcinoma (1 tumor). The most frequently diagnosed lesion was invasive carcinoma (n ¼ 17). Ten rabbits had several lesions. Immunohistochemistry for calponin and p63 showed that the diagnosed tumor-like lesions, benign tumors, and noninvasive carcinoma had a peripheral myoepithelial layer that was lacking in the invasive carcinomas. In 13 of 14 (93%) of the invasive carcinomas, however, there were variable numbers of calponin-and/or p63-immunopositive cells ranging from 0.1% to 40% with morphological features of either retained nonneoplastic myoepithelial cells or neoplastic epithelial cells with a myoepithelial differentiation. Tumor recurrence was reported in the rabbit with the matrix-producing carcinoma and in 3 rabbits with mammary adenocarcinomas displaying !20 mitotic figures in 10 high-power fields and high numbers of neoplastic cells with a myoepithelial differentiation (19%-39%). The rabbit with the matrix-producing mammary carcinoma developed cutaneous metastases confirmed by histopathology. This study shows that different types of mammary tumor-like lesions and tumors can occur in pet rabbits. Keywords immunohistochemistry, mammary gland, tumors and tumor-like lesions, myoepithelial cells, rabbitThe most common tumor of the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is the uterine adenocarcinoma, 20 whereas mammary tumors and tumor-like lesions are rarely reported in pet and laboratory rabbits. In a study of uterine disorders in 59 rabbits, the concurrent presence of a uterine and a mammary gland adenocarcinoma was observed in 4 rabbits, 2 of which had endometrial hyperplasia as well. 28 In another investigation of 47 rabbits with uterine disorders, mammary gland disease including cystic lesions was diagnosed in 15 of these rabbits by physical examination. 24Histopathological features of neoplastic and nonneoplastic proliferative lesions of the mammary gland of rabbits are described in only a few publications that relate to laboratory rabbits. 11,26 In a breeding colony of rabbits, most invasive and noninvasive neoplasms developed in mammary glands with preexisting cystic disease.11 A cystic mammary adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in a 44-month-old female nulliparous New Zealand White laboratory rabbit with concurrent mammary hyperplasia and dysplasia and elevated prolactin levels due to a pituitary adenoma. 26 To the authors' knowledge, a detailed histopathological and immunohistochemical character...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions in the Mammary Gland of 24 Pet Rabbits

2013

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“…Three hypotheses have been proposed: metaplasia from epithelial cells, metaplasia from stromal connective tissue, and metaplasia from basal epithelium (myoepithelium). 3,5,8,10,18,[28][29][30]32 As in previous reports, 30 in this study, myoepithelial cells were classified into different morphologic types: suprabasal resting, proliferative myoepithelial, and spindle-and stellate-shaped myoepithelial cells located in the interstitial area. Immunohistochemistry for cytokeratins, ASMA, and vimentin revealed that suprabasal myoepithelial cells maintain their normal immunohistochemical characteristics, whereas interstitial myoepithelial cells tend to gradually decrease their expression of cytokeratins and ASMA, as already reported by other authors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Recently, calponin, a novel smooth muscle protein, was used in human and canine mammary tissues to identify myoepithelium. 4,5,7 The disadvantage of the muscle actin immunohistochemical markers is the additional staining of stromal myofibroblasts, which exhibit smooth muscle phenotypic properties. 5,7 In our series, the selected cases subjected to immunostaining on consecutive serial sections showed a comparable number of myoepithelial cells with similar staining intensity decorated by p63 and cytoplasmic myoepithelial cell markers: ASMA and CK14.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,5,7 The disadvantage of the muscle actin immunohistochemical markers is the additional staining of stromal myofibroblasts, which exhibit smooth muscle phenotypic properties. 5,7 In our series, the selected cases subjected to immunostaining on consecutive serial sections showed a comparable number of myoepithelial cells with similar staining intensity decorated by p63 and cytoplasmic myoepithelial cell markers: ASMA and CK14. However, p63 immunoreactivity was most specific, being restricted to myoepithelial cells only, whereas antibody to ASMA also stained stromal myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cells, which confirmed the previously reported results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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p63: A Novel Myoepithelial Cell Marker in Canine Mammary Tissues

et al. 2003

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Abstract. Several immunohistochemical markers have been used to demonstrate the presence of myoepithelial cells in order to determine their role in the histogenesis of mammary tumors. p63, a recently characterized p53 homologue, is consistently expressed in myoepithelial cells of the human breast; however, no assessment of its immunoreactivity has been reported so far in canine mammary tissues. We investigated p63 immunohistochemical expression, as a novel myoepithelial cell nuclear marker, in 81 samples of normal (n ϭ 2), hyperplastic (n ϭ 11), and neoplastic (n ϭ 68) canine mammary tissues. Myoepithelial phenotype was confirmed by using complementary monoclonal antibodies: alpha-smooth muscle actin, cytokeratin 14, cytokeratin AE1/AE3, and vimentin. p63 expression was observed in 91.4% (74/81) of the samples evaluated. Normal mammary glands, mammary hyperplasias, and benign tumors showed 100% immunoreactivity, with p63 expression restricted to myoepithelial cell nuclei. In general, benign mixed tumors showed a basal cell compartment immunoreactive to p63, with a gradual decrease of its expression during myoepithelial transformation. p63 expression was found in 72% of malignant tumors, allowing myoepithelial or basal cell identification in spindlecell carcinomas (2/2), tubulopapillary carcinomas (8/9), solid carcinomas (7/10), and carcinosarcomas (1/3). The osteosarcoma analyzed was p63 negative. In our series, stromal components were consistently nonreactive to p63. In conclusion, the present study reveals p63 as a sensitive and highly specific marker of myoepithelial cells in canine mammary tissues, and the authors suggest p63 as an additional marker for defining myoepithelial histogenesis.

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“…Calponin is a smooth muscle-specific protein that has been shown to be a sensitive marker of normal and neoplastic myoepithelium in the canine mammary gland; however, other cell types (stromal myofibroblasts and chondroblasts) can also stain positively. 4 P63 is a recently characterized p53 homologue that is consistently expressed in canine myoepithelial cells and the basal layer of multilayered epithelium and does not stain other cell types in the canine mammary stroma. 6 Despite the size and dense cellularity of some of the tumors in the current series, a continuous layer of myoepithelium around acinar and papillary structures in all neoplasms was demonstrated with calponin and p63 immunohistochemistry, supporting the classification of benignancy in all cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histologic, Immunohistochemical, and Clinical Features of 27 Mammary Tumors in 18 Male Dogs

Bearss

Schulman

Carter³

2011

Vet Pathol

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Twenty-seven mammary tumors from 18 male (3 intact, 15 neutered) dogs were collected. The average age at diagnosis was 9.2 years (range, 2-14 years). Seven of the dogs were Cocker Spaniels. Five dogs had multiple mammary tumors. All tumors were benign. Twenty-six were simple adenomas with mixed acinar and papillary patterns. The acinar pattern was predominant in 17 cases. One adenoma was complex with a prominent myoepithelial component. The myoepithelial component of 25 of the 25 tumors was immunohistochemically positive for calponin and p63. In the cases for which relevant clinical information was available, there was no reported history of obesity, testicular tumors, or sex hormone therapy. Surgery was the only reported treatment for these tumors. Only 1 dog was reported to have developed an additional mammary tumor. None of the dogs for which case outcome was known died or was euthanatized as a result of mammary tumor. Although uncommon, mammary tumors do occur in male dogs. Although mammary tumors may be quite cellular, the presence of an intact myoepithelium, which can be demonstrated with immunohistochemistry for calponin and p63, indicates benignancy, as the clinical behavior documents.

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Immunolocalization of the Smooth Muscle-Specific Protein Calponin in Complex and Mixed Tumors of the Mammary Gland of the Dog: Assessment of the Morphogenetic Role of the Myoepithelium

Cited by 48 publications

References 26 publications

Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions in the Mammary Gland of 24 Pet Rabbits

Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions in the Mammary Gland of 24 Pet Rabbits

p63: A Novel Myoepithelial Cell Marker in Canine Mammary Tissues

Histologic, Immunohistochemical, and Clinical Features of 27 Mammary Tumors in 18 Male Dogs

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