2008
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0712237105
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Immunologic and clinical effects of antibody blockade of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 in previously vaccinated cancer patients

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Cited by 596 publications
(430 citation statements)
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“…35 Hence, GM-CSF-engineered tumor vaccines combined with anti-CTLA4 engendered a co-ordinated cellular and humoral immunity associated with clinically significant tumor regressions in advanced solid cancers. 36 In such regressing tumor burdens, T cell infiltrates were juxtaposed to antibody-producing B cells in long-term responders. Humoral reactivity was reported against proangiogenic cytokines such as angiopoietin-1 and -2 blocking the endothelial cell tube formation and/or macrophage inhibitory factor attenuating macrophage Tie-2 and MMP9 expression.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…35 Hence, GM-CSF-engineered tumor vaccines combined with anti-CTLA4 engendered a co-ordinated cellular and humoral immunity associated with clinically significant tumor regressions in advanced solid cancers. 36 In such regressing tumor burdens, T cell infiltrates were juxtaposed to antibody-producing B cells in long-term responders. Humoral reactivity was reported against proangiogenic cytokines such as angiopoietin-1 and -2 blocking the endothelial cell tube formation and/or macrophage inhibitory factor attenuating macrophage Tie-2 and MMP9 expression.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Using Fc receptor-deficient mice, the anti-tumor activity of anti-CTLA-4 mAb was shown to be dependent on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of Treg cells in tumor tissues instead of affecting re-activation of Tconv cells [61][62][63]. In cancer patients, strong correlations have been reported between the clinical efficacy of Ipilimumab and reduction of Treg cell numbers in tumor tissues [64][65]. It is likely that the Treg-depleting effect of anti-CTLA-4 mAb targets effector Treg cells, which are abundant in tumor tissues and express high levels of CTLA-4.…”
Section: Checkpoint Blockade Antibody With Possible Treg-depleting Efmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, because of their tendency to promote tumor tolerance, therapeutic cancer vaccines such as antigen-specific vaccines and cytokine-based whole tumor-cell vaccines remain in development [1]. Tumor tolerance is established through immunoregulatory molecules, including CTLA-4, and cells, including CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + regulatory T-cells (Tregs), both of which have served as immunotherapeutic targets [2][3][4][5][6]. For example, treatment with anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody is associated with augmented anti-tumor immunity in a subset of patients previously vaccinated with autologous tumor cells [2,3].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%