Immunologic approaches to the classification of lymphomas and lymphoid leukemias

Foon, Kenneth A.; Gale, Robert Peter; Todd, Robert F.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-1713-5_1

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…The leukemias afford a unique opportunity to study the differentiation pathways of various hematopoietic lineages because neoplastic cells can be considered clonal counterparts of normal cells frozen at various stages of maturation. Monoclonal antibodies directed against a variety of differentiation-associated antigens have provided the means to identify specific molecules that reflect characteristic if not unique, phenotypic patterns in the various lymphoid and nonlymphoid lineages (1)(2)(3)(4). More recently, there has been considerable progress in delineating certain early differentiation events in the lymphoid lineage through an analysis of the clonal somatic rearrangements of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes, which provide irreversible markers of lineage, clonality, and stage of differentiation (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In this context, although neoplastic phenotypes are not always precise replicas of normal ones, lineage specificity is, in general, faithfully conserved in leukemias and lymphomas, as shown by conservation of lineage-specific cell surface markers in both myeloid and lymphoid leukemias (4,13) and by the presence of B or T cell-specific gene rearrangements in lymphoid leukemias and lymphomas (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). However, a simple theory for lineage commitment stating the irreversible entrance of cells into one of the differentiation lineages is questioned by findings of apparently anomalous expression of myeloid or lymphoid markers outside of their respective lineages (13) .…”

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confidence: 99%

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High frequency of clonal immunoglobulin or T cell receptor gene rearrangements in acute myelogenous leukemia expressing terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase.

Seremetis

Pelicci

Tabilio

et al. 1987

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Ig and T cell receptor rearrangements have been used as irreversible markers of lineage and clonality in the study of B- and T-lymphoid populations. We have addressed the issue of lymphoid lineage specificity of these rearrangements by analyzing a panel of 25 TdT- acute myelogenous leukemias, 13 TdT+ AMLs, and 4 TdT+ undifferentiated leukemias. We report that while gene rearrangements represent extremely rare events in classical TdT- AML (less than 8%), rearrangements of either the Ig or T beta locus or both were detectable in the majority of the TdT+ AMLs (greater than 60%), and rearrangements of both loci were detectable in all of the TdT+ undifferentiated leukemias. These data demonstrate a significant association between TdT expression and Ig or T beta gene rearrangements even outside the lymphoid lineage, further supporting a role for TdT in Ig and T cell receptor gene assembly. These data also indicate that a coordinated program of lymphoid gene expression involving TdT-CD7-expression and Ig/T beta rearrangements can be activated before myeloid commitment. Whether the activation of this program represents a normal, albeit rare, event in early myelopoiesis or a transformation-related event present only in leukemic cells remains to be determined.

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confidence: 99%

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High frequency of clonal immunoglobulin or T cell receptor gene rearrangements in acute myelogenous leukemia expressing terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase.

Seremetis

Pelicci

Tabilio

et al. 1987

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…These observations, together with our own, indicate the heterogeneity of T cell function in T-CLL patients, irrespective of functional helper or suppressor T cell phenotype. Rumke et al [23] and others [7,11] present good reviews of T-CLL patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (T-CLL) is a rarer disease than B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in the United States and Europe [7,11], Recently, monoclonal antibodies with specificities for subsets of human T cells have provided a more definitive method for their identification [20], At least two subpopulations of T cells with apparently distinct functions can be defined by monoclonal antibodies, OKT4 for helper/inducer and OKT8 for suppressor/ cytotoxic cells. The findings on T cell leukaemias have been in agreement with this line of results on normal T cells [9,20], Thus, cases of T-CLL have been found to be OKT4+, T4-CLL, or OKT8+, T8-CLL [1,7,11,15,17], There have been several studies on clinical, cytochemical, and immunological characteristics of T-CLL patients from the United States and elsewhere [3,7,11,23], In this study, we describe immunological properties of a unique case of T8-CLL in a Saudi patient.…”

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confidence: 99%

Unique Immunological Behaviour of CD8⁺ (Suppressor T Cell) Leukaemia Cells

Raziuddin

Madan

1987

Scand J Immunol

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A patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and elevated serum IgM antibody is described. A multiparameter surface marker analysis of his peripheral blood lymphocytes demonstrated a unique phenotype of OKT3-, OKT11+, E-rosetting+, OKT4-, OKT8+, OKIa1+, OKCLL+, OKDR+, Tac+, characterizing the disease as suppressor (CD8+) T cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Because of the uncommon phenotype and the abnormal serum immunoglobulin pattern, in vitro functional assays were performed that showed decreased mitogenic response to the phytohaemagglutinin, but increased response to concanavalin A. However, these leukaemic T cells demonstrated phytohaemagglutinin-specific suppressor cell activity on normal blood lymphocytes. In vitro functional studies indicated that a defect in the patient's T cells may cause IgM hypergammaglobulinaemia. The regulatory function of the patient's T cells on immunoglobulin synthesis by normal B cells was found to be mediated by a soluble factor secreted from neoplastic T cells.

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“…Just as an immunophenotype is needed for a patient with AIDS, the immunophenotype of blood from an individual with leu-kemia is important for classifying the type of leukemia. The immunophenotype for leukocytes in specimens from normal individuals is well characterized (16)(17)(18)(19). Patients with acute leukemia have immunophenotypes representing a more primitive cell usually found in bone marrow (16).…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow cytometry

Gilman‐Sachs¹

1994

Anal. Chem.

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From its earliest days as the Coulter counter, the flow cytometer has evolved into a powerful clinical tool for studying the intrinsic and extrinsic properties of individual cells ver the past 30 years, sophisticated improvements in a common laboratory hematology instrument have made flow cytometry a powerful and invaluable tool for the quantitative analysis of individual cells in populations ranging from blood cells to cell lines to cells found in a specific organ or even in a tumor (1-7). A flow cytometer can be used to obtain quantitative information based on light scatter or fluorescence emission caused by individual cells (or particles) in a population as they flow rapidly in a fluid stream in front of a light source.Most scientists are familiar with light microscopy or conventional fluorescence microscopy; however, these techniques cannot be used to determine the relative ounts of fluorescence or color obtained br each cell. Intends usually measured on a ive and qualitative, not a quantit; tive, scale. By using flow cytometr ever, one can determ racy and objectivity the intr trinsic properties of cells (2). Intrinsic properties, which can be measured without the use of exogenous reagents, include size, cytoplasmic granularity, and pigment content (e.g., hemoglobin or chlorophyll) . Extrinsic properties are measured using reagents and include surface antigen content; lectin binding; total protein content; DNA, RNA, and chromosomal content; calcium influx; intracellular pH; and nuclear or intracellular antigen content. Applications for flow cytometry range from clinical testing of 700

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Immunologic approaches to the classification of lymphomas and lymphoid leukemias

Cited by 4 publications

References 161 publications

High frequency of clonal immunoglobulin or T cell receptor gene rearrangements in acute myelogenous leukemia expressing terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase.

High frequency of clonal immunoglobulin or T cell receptor gene rearrangements in acute myelogenous leukemia expressing terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase.

Unique Immunological Behaviour of CD8⁺ (Suppressor T Cell) Leukaemia Cells

Flow cytometry

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Immunologic approaches to the classification of lymphomas and lymphoid leukemias

Cited by 4 publications

References 161 publications

High frequency of clonal immunoglobulin or T cell receptor gene rearrangements in acute myelogenous leukemia expressing terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase.

High frequency of clonal immunoglobulin or T cell receptor gene rearrangements in acute myelogenous leukemia expressing terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase.

Unique Immunological Behaviour of CD8+ (Suppressor T Cell) Leukaemia Cells

Flow cytometry

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Unique Immunological Behaviour of CD8⁺ (Suppressor T Cell) Leukaemia Cells