Immunologic Characteristics of Down's Syndrome

Gershwin, M. Eric; Crinella, Francis M.; Castles, James J.; Trent, J. K. T.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1977.tb01587.x

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Narrowing in the area of the nose and nasal sinuses contribute to nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, and sinusitis. In addition, the immature immunologic development frequently seen in children with DS further contributes to the higher incidence of upper respiratory tract infections [Gershwin et al, 1977;Spina et al, 1981]. Interestingly, in the papers by Mitchell et al [2003] on ENT problems in children with DS, rhinitis and sinusitis were not found to be a major problem.…”

Section: Chronic Rhinorrhea/ Sinusitismentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Etiologic factors include an increased incidence of upper respiratory tract infections, possibly due to the immaturity of the immune system. Studies have shown a reduction of both T and B lymphocyte cell function in individuals with DS [Gershwin et al, 1977;Spina et al, 1981]. In addition, the anatomy of the mid-face predisposes to chronic ear disease.…”

Section: Chronic Ear Diseasementioning

confidence: 97%

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Down syndrome: Common otolaryngologic manifestations

Shott

2006

American J of Med Genetics Pt C

196

136

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Otolaryngologic or ear, nose, and throat (ENT) problems are common in children with Down Syndrome (DS). This includes problems with chronic ear infections and chronic middle ear effusions with associated hearing loss, airway obstruction, and sleep apnea, as well as problems with chronic rhinitis and sinusitis. In addition, many of these ENT problems require surgical interventions, and there are special anesthesia considerations that need to be addressed in children with DS. These include subglottic stenosis, post-operative airway obstruction, and cervical spine concerns. As the care of children with DS has become more consistent and proactive, outcomes from the treatment of these ENT manifestations have improved. Aggressive interventions, both medical and surgical, have led to a decreased incidence of hearing loss, good control of the chronic rhinitis, and a better awareness of the incidence of sleep apnea and sleep-disordered breathing in individuals with DS. These common otolaryngologic manifestations of DS are reviewed with recommendations for ongoing care and monitoring.

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Section: Chronic Rhinorrhea/ Sinusitismentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Chronic Ear Diseasementioning

confidence: 97%

Down syndrome: Common otolaryngologic manifestations

Shott

2006

American J of Med Genetics Pt C

196

136

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“…Absolute numbers of T lymphocyte populations gradually approach those of normal children over time [25], but it is doubtful whether these cells have normal phenotype and function, having shown a lack of the antigen-driven expansion in earlier years. Functional abnormalities of T lymphocytes that have been described support this: the in vitro proliferative response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) is markedly below normal in DS infants as well as adults [15,16,[45][46][47]. In addition, bacterial and viral antigeninduced in vitro interleukin (IL)-2 production is reduced markedly, although PHA-stimulated IL-2 production is not impaired [13,42,43].…”

Section: Thymus and T Lymphocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic defect of the immune system in children with Down syndrome: a review

Kusters¹,

Verstegen²,

Gemen

et al. 2009

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

222

208

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SummaryDown syndrome (DS) is the most frequent cause of mental retardation in man. Immunological changes in DS have been observed since the 1970s. The neurological system appears to be ageing precociously, with early occurrence of Alzheimer disease; until now, the observed immunological differences have been interpreted in the same context. Looking back at past and present results of immunological studies in DS children in relation to the clinical consequences they suffer, we conclude that it is more likely that the DS immune system is intrinsically deficient from the very beginning.

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“…Recent advances in surgery for the treatment of congenital heart disease have enhanced the life expectancy of those with DS (2). Many unavoidable factors, such as frequent upper respiratory infections (3), collapse of the eustachian tube (4), and poorly matured pneumatization (5), make it difficult to treat otitis media conservatively and prevent chronic otitis media (COM) with or without cholesteatoma. Many unavoidable factors, such as frequent upper respiratory infections (3), collapse of the eustachian tube (4), and poorly matured pneumatization (5), make it difficult to treat otitis media conservatively and prevent chronic otitis media (COM) with or without cholesteatoma.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%