“…O n the other hand, serum antibodies to human IF in p. a. patients do not cause refractoriness either to human or to hog IF. Those antibodies to IF could be shown to suppress the B,,-absorption only if the I F is given orally, mixed with the antibody-containing serum, in a so-called in vivo inhibition test, in which they cross-react with hog I F (8, Another hypothesis on the refractoriness to oral hog IF has been presented by Kaplan et al (21). They immunized two p. a. patients by injections of a purified hog IF-concentrate.…”