Immunological and clinical aspects of the long-term stages of youth schizophrenia

Zozulya, S A; Голубев, С. А.; Tikhonov, D. V.; Kaleda, V. G.; Klyushnik, T. P.

doi:10.17116/jnevro20221220125

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…One can assume that patients with higher IHR values (i.e. with more pronounced systemic inflammation) may represent a specific subtype of psychiatric disorders, likely differing in course and prognosis [ 16 , 17 ]. However, the studies included in our review do not allow one to speculate on a causal relationship between IHRs and the severity of mental disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genetic predisposition, early life adversity, acute or chronic stress, unhealthy diet, and changes in the microbiome all contribute to this activation [ 1 , 9 , 14 ]. Systemic inflammation might influence the course of mental disorders, their clinical features, and severity of psychopathological symptoms [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. An association between systemic inflammation and treatment therapeutic resistance has been established [ 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inflammatory Hematological Ratios in Adolescents with Mental Disorders: A Scoping Review

Popov,

Kosterin

et al. 2024

Consortium Psychiatricum

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BACKGOUND: Inflammatory hematological ratios (IHRs), such as neutrophil to lymphocyte, monocyte to lymphocyte, and platelet to lymphocyte ratios, are associated with mental disorders, symptoms severity, and the disease phase. Evidence from the studies in adult patients has been summarized in systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The results of the studies in adolescents remain poorly systematized. AIM: To summarize the findings from the studies that investigated the relationship of IHRs with mental disorders in adolescent patients. METHODS: This scoping review included studies of IHRs in patients aged 10–19 years with mental disorders (other than anorexia nervosa), published in English by December 31, 2023. The search for relevant papers was performed in MEDLINE. The studies were categorized into two groups: studies with external controls (healthy adolescents) and studies with internal controls (patients in different phases of mental disorder, with or without self-harm/suicidal behaviors). RESULTS: A total of 11 studies were included in the review (all cross-sectional ones). The results of these studies demonstrate that 1) adolescents with mental disorders (major depressive disorder, psychotic disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, substance use disorders) have higher IHR values than individuals of the same age without corresponding disorders (5 studies); 2) IHR values are positively correlated with the severity of psychopathological symptoms (1 study); 3) higher IHR values are associated with the phase of the mental disorder — manic episode in bipolar disorder (1 study) and exacerbation of psychosis in psychotic disorders (1 study); and 4) higher IHR values are associated with self-harm/suicidal behaviors — suicide attempts (1 study) and non-suicidal self-injury (1 study). CONCLUSION: IHRs are associated with mental disorders in adolescents, and higher IHR values are associated with a more severe/acute clinical presentation (severity of symptoms, mania, acute psychosis, self-harm/suicidal behaviors). Further studies of higher methodological quality are needed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of IHRs as biomarkers of mental disorders in adolescence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Hematological Ratios in Adolescents with Mental Disorders: A Scoping Review

Popov,

Kosterin

et al. 2024

Consortium Psychiatricum

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“…Current research has demonstrated that psychiatric disorders are closely linked to inflammatory responses, and the inflammatory immune mechanisms of schizophrenia have received extensive attention. On the one hand, lots of observational studies suggested that patients with schizophrenia exhibit many characteristics of low-grade inflammation, for example, higher plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines [ 31 , 41 , 42 ], and inducers [ 43 ]. Interestingly, however, several MR studies have successively reported that genetically predicted higher level of CRP may be a protective factor of schizophrenia [ 22 , 44 , 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between schizophrenia and white blood cells count: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Gao

Guo

et al. 2023

BMC Psychiatry

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Background Positive associations between the risk of schizophrenia and the level of white blood cells (WBC) count have been suggested by observational studies. However, the causality of this association is still unclear. Methods We used a group of bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to estimate the causal relationship between schizophrenia and WBC count traits (i.e., WBC count, lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, basophil count, eosinophil count, and monocyte count). The threshold of FDR-adjusted P < 0.05 was considered as showing potential evidence of a causal effect. Instrument variables were included based on the genome-wide significance threshold (P < 5 × 10− 8) and linkage disequilibrium (LD) clumping (r2 < 0.01). In total, 81, 95, 85, 87, 76, and 83 schizophrenia-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used as genetic instruments from Psychiatric Genomics Consortium for six WBC count traits, respectively. And in reverse MR analysis, 458, 206, 408, 468, 473, and 390 variants extracted from six WBC count traits were utilized as genetic instruments, which were obtained from a recent large-scale Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS). Results Genetically predicted schizophrenia was positively associated with the level of WBC count [odds ratio (OR) 1.017, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.008–1.026; P = 7.53 × 10− 4], basophil count (OR 1.014, 95%CI 1.005–1.022; P = 0.002), eosinophil count (OR 1.021, 95%CI 1.011–1.031; P = 2.77 × 10− 4), monocyte count (OR 1.018, 95%CI 1.009–1.027; P = 4.60 × 10− 4), lymphocyte count (OR 1.021, 95%CI 1.012–1.030; P = 4.51 × 10− 5), and neutrophil count (OR 1.013, 95%CI 1.005–1.022; P = 0.004). WBC count traits are not associated with the risk of schizophrenia in our reverse MR results. Conclusion Schizophrenia is associated with elevated levels of WBC count (i.e., higher WBC count, lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, basophil count, eosinophil count, and monocyte count).

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“…Current research has demonstrated that psychiatric disorders are closely linked to in ammatory responses, and the in ammatory immune mechanisms of schizophrenia have received extensive attention. On the one hand, patients with schizophrenia exhibit many characteristics of low-grade in ammation, for example, higher plasma levels of in ammatory cytokines, chemokines [29,40,41],and inducers [42]. On the other hand, studies have also suggested that the higher levels of in ammatory mediators are associated with the pathogenesis and disease progression of psychiatric disorders [40,43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between schizophrenia and white blood cells count: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Gao

Guo

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background. Positive associations between the risk of schizophrenia and white blood cells (WBC) counts, have been suggested by observational studies. However, the causality of this association is still unclear. Methods. We used a group of bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to estimate the causal relationship between schizophrenia and WBC count traits (i.e., WBC count, lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, basophil count, eosinophil count, and monocyte count). In total, 81, 95, 85, 87, 76, 83 schizophrenia-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used as genetic instruments from Psychiatric Genomics Consortium for six WBC count traits, respectively. And in reverse MR analysis, 458, 206, 408, 468, 473, 390 variants extracted from six WBC count traits were utilized as genetic instruments, which were obtained from a recent large-scale Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS). Results. Genetically predicted schizophrenia was positively associated with the risk of WBC count [odds ratio (OR) 1.017, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.008–1.026; P = 7.53×10− 4], basophil count (OR 1.014, 95%CI 1.005–1.022; P = 0.002), eosinophil count (OR 1.021, 95%CI 1.011–1.031; P = 2.77×10− 4), monocyte count(OR 1.018, 95%CI 1.009–1.027; P = 4.60×10− 4), lymphocyte count(OR 1.021, 95%CI 1.012–1.030; P = 4.51×10− 5), and neutrophil count (OR 1.013, 95%CI 1.005–1.022; P = 0.004). WBC count traits are not associated with the risk of schizophrenia in our reverse MR results. Conclusion. Schizophrenia is associated with increased risk of WBC count (i.e., high WBC count, lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, basophil count, eosinophil count, and monocyte count).

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Immunological and clinical aspects of the long-term stages of youth schizophrenia

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

Inflammatory Hematological Ratios in Adolescents with Mental Disorders: A Scoping Review

Inflammatory Hematological Ratios in Adolescents with Mental Disorders: A Scoping Review

The association between schizophrenia and white blood cells count: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study

The association between schizophrenia and white blood cells count: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study

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