Immunological and molecular epidemiological characteristics of acute and fulminant viral hepatitis A

Hussain, Zahid; Husain, Syed Akhtar; Almajhdi, Fahad N.; Kar, Premashis

doi:10.1186/1743-422x-8-254

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…For HAV RNA-negative cases, the mean delay between onset of symptoms and sampling was 25.5 days (range, 5-47 days), whereas for HAV RNA-positive cases, this delay was significantly lower, with a mean of 10.2 days (range, 1-49 days, p < 0.001). These findings suggest, as previously described, that the positivity of HAV RNA is correlated to the sampling time [11][12][13]. This result can be explained by the short duration of viremia, during natural history of HAV infection.…”

Section: Molecular Epidemiology Of Hepatitis a Virus Infectionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Epidemiological Aspects of Hepatitis A: Endemicity Patterns and Molecular Epidemiology

Gargouri¹,

Fki-Berrajah²,

Ayadi³

et al. 2020

Hepatitis a and Other Associated Hepatobiliary Diseases

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Improvements in hygiene and socioeconomic conditions in many parts of the world have led to an epidemiological shift in hepatitis A with a transition from high to low endemicity. Consequently, in these areas, higher proportion of symptomatic disease among adolescents resulting in large-scale community outbreaks has been described. In Tunisia, an increase in the average age at the time of infection has been reported, hence resulting in regular outbreaks, especially household and primary school epidemics. Molecular investigation of such outbreaks, based on the determination of viral genotype and genetic relatedness between hepatitis A virus (HAV) strains, is a useful tool to identify the potential source of HAV contamination but also to assess the virus molecular dynamics over time, such as the introduction of a new genotype or a specific clustering of HAV strains according to the geographical origin. In Sfax city, (Center-East of Tunisia), only HAV strains of genotype IA are circulating. In rural areas, HAV infection is still highly endemic with probably a water-borne transmission pattern. Nevertheless, the considerable genetic heterogeneity observed in urban areas highlights the changing pattern of hepatitis A epidemiology in these settings. Further molecular studies are strongly needed to better understand HAV epidemiology in Tunisia.

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Section: Molecular Epidemiology Of Hepatitis a Virus Infectionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Epidemiological Aspects of Hepatitis A: Endemicity Patterns and Molecular Epidemiology

Gargouri¹,

Fki-Berrajah²,

Ayadi³

et al. 2020

Hepatitis a and Other Associated Hepatobiliary Diseases

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“…HAV genotype IIIA has been reported as an aetiological agent of various other water borne outbreaks from northern 8 , southern 10 and western 11 India. Hussain et al 28 have reported genotype III as the predominant genotype (70%) followed by genotype IA (30%) in Delhi. Co-circulation and co-infections with subgenotypes IIIA and IB have been reported from Pune, western India 13 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Molecular characterization of hepatitis A virus strains in a tertiary care health set up in north western India

Singh¹,

Majumdar²,

Thapa³

et al. 2015

Indian J Med Res

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Background & objectives:Hepatitis A virus usually causes acute viral hepatitis (AVH) in the paediatric age group with a recent shift in age distribution and disease manifestations like acute liver failure (ALF). This has been attributed to mutations in 5’non-translated region (5’NTR) which affects the viral multiplication. The present study was aimed to carry out the molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis A virus strains circulating in north western India.Methods:Serum samples from in patients and those attending out patient department of Pediatric Gastroenterology in a tertiary care hospital in north India during 2007-2011 with clinically suspected AVH were tested for anti-hepatitis A virus (HAV) IgM antibodies. Acute phase serum samples were subjected to nested PCR targeting the 5’NTR region followed by sequencing of the representative strains.Results:A total of 1334 samples were tested, 290 (21.7%) were positive for anti-HAV IgM antibody. Of these, 78 serum samples (< 7 days old) were subjected to PCR and 47.4% (37/78) samples showed the presence of HAV RNA. Children < 15 yr of age accounted for majority (94%) of cases with highest seropositivity during rainy season. Sequencing of 15 representative strains was carried out and the circulating genotype was found to be III A. The nucleotide sequences showed high homology among the strains with a variation ranging from 0.1-1 per cent over the years. An important substitution of G to A at 324 position was shown by both AVH and ALF strains. The cumulative substitution in AVH strains Vs ALF strains as compared to GBM, Indian and prototype strain in the 200-500 region of 5’ NTR was comparable.Interpretation & conclusion:Our results showed hepatitis A still a disease of children with III A as a circulating genotype in this region. The mutations at 5’NTR region warrant further analysis as these affect the structure of internal ribosomal entry site which is important for viral replication.

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“…Hepatitis A virus is one of the most common causative agents for acute hepatitis worldwide, which accounts for approximately one quarter of clinical hepatitis cases (Yotsuyanagi et al, 1996;Kwon et al, 2000;Hussain et al, 2011). Seroprevalence of anti-HAV is highly correlated with socioeconomic status and access to clean water and sanitation (Jacobsen and Koopman, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of hepatitis A viral RNA and antibodies among Chinese blood donors

Sun

et al. 2015

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Like other developing countries, China was reported to have a relatively high seroprevalence of anti-hepatitis A antibodies (anti-HAV). However, no studies have evaluated the prevalence of anti-HAV and HAV RNA among voluntary blood donors with or without elevated serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels. Anti-HAV antibodies were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction was carried out for detection of HAV RNA. In the current study, we analyzed a total of 450 serum samples with elevated ALT levels (≥40 U/L) and 278 serum samples with non-elevated ALT levels. Seroprevalence rates of anti-HAV were 51.6% in donors with elevated ALT and 41.4% in donors with non-elevated ALT; however, none of the samples was positive for HAV RNA. The results of our study showed lower seroprevalence rates of anti-HAV in blood donors (irrespective of ALT levels) than those in published data on Chinese populations. Although donors with elevated ALT had statistically higher prevalence rates of anti-HAV than did those with non-elevated ALT, none of the serum samples had detectable levels of the active virus. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the transmission of hepatitis A by blood transfusion will occur rarely.

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Immunological and molecular epidemiological characteristics of acute and fulminant viral hepatitis A

Cited by 13 publications

References 34 publications

Epidemiological Aspects of Hepatitis A: Endemicity Patterns and Molecular Epidemiology

Epidemiological Aspects of Hepatitis A: Endemicity Patterns and Molecular Epidemiology

Molecular characterization of hepatitis A virus strains in a tertiary care health set up in north western India

Prevalence of hepatitis A viral RNA and antibodies among Chinese blood donors

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