Immunological Aspects in Migraine: Increase of IL‐10 Plasma Levels During Attack

Abstract

In the present study, 23 patients with migraine without aura were monitored during a migraine attack. Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-10, and interferon-gamma were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. Interestingly, we observed low to undetectable IL-5 and IL-4 levels, whereas high IL-10 levels were seen in 52.2% of the patients. Interferon-gamma plasma levels were undetectable in all patients. After treatment with sumatriptan, 10 patients showed a subsequent decrease in IL-10 and an increase in both IL-4 and IL-5 plasma levels. Although these findings are derived from a limited number of patients, the apparent return to the IL-4 and IL-5 cytokine profile observed during the interictal period leads us to speculate that a preferential enhancement of TH2-type cytokine production may contribute to the pathogenesis of migraine.

Evaluation of carotid intima-media thickness in children with migraine: a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis

“…However, it is known that cortical spreading depression, neurogenic inflammation, and craniovascular contractile dysfunction play roles in the pathophysiology of migraines [2]. During migraine attacks either with or without auras, the activated brain tissue causes the release of many peptides such as interleukins (IL-1 and IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule or vascular adhesion molecule) from the trigeminal vascular area, resulting in vasodilatation of the extraparenchymal vessels and inflammation [13,14]. It is through this mechanism that the resultant inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and hypercoagulability may lead to pathological vascular changes [15].…”

Obesity, migraine, and chronic migraine

“…42 Other inflammatory promoters are also altered in migraineurs, including several cytokines, and some of these markers are normalized after sumatriptan. 43,44 Transient increase in soluble intracellular adhesion molecule (sICAM-1), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha can be induced by sensory neuropeptides released from activated trigeminal endings and are seen during migraine attacks. 44 Migraine is also comorbid to a number of vascular diseases.…”

Proinflammatory Cytokines, Adhesion Molecules, and Lymphocyte Integrin Expression in the Internal Jugular Blood of Migraine Patients Without Aura Assessed Ictally

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Conflicting findings are also available regarding adhesion molecules in migraineurs. One such study showed a marked decrease in expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and soluble (s)ICAM-1, and reduced levels of IL-4 in serum during spontaneous and nitric oxide (NO)-induced migraine attacks.…”