Immunological Aspects of Epilepsy

Aarli, Johan A.; Fontana, Adriano

doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1980.tb04295.x

Cited by 73 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…more severe attacks are accompanied by worsening of neuroimmune dysregulation (Prokhorova; 2011). Thus, we observed a significant elevation of antibodies to protein S100 in both subgroups, greater in idiopathic epilepsy, compared to the control (54.3±10.3; membrane, thereby, increasing the spiking activity of cells on EEG (Aarli, 1993(Aarli, , 2000. This may indicate a violation of glial relationships and their role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy, especially in idiopathic one.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…The study of immunological aspects is associated not only with the question of immunosuppressive effect of many anticonvulsants, but also includes the study of immunopathogenesis of epilepsy with questions predicting disease outcome (Poletaev et al, 2004). Aarli (1993Aarli ( , 2000, Poletaev (1997Poletaev ( , 2004, Gusev et al (2006) and Lusnikova (2008) proved the role of the number of autoantibodies to the proteins S100, GFAP, MR65, NGF, neurotransmitters glutamate, GABA, dopamine, and serotonin. However, in the studied literature, we have found no study devoted to the role of antibodies to proteins NF-200, GFAP, DNA and myelin basic protein (MBP) in idiopathic and symptomatic epilepsies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in the studied literature, we have found no study devoted to the role of antibodies to proteins NF-200, GFAP, DNA and myelin basic protein (MBP) in idiopathic and symptomatic epilepsies. According to Aarli (1993Aarli ( , 2000, Poletaev (1997Poletaev ( , 2004, Gusev et al (2006) and Lusnikova (2008), neuroimmunogenesis of epilepsy is accompanied by the formation of antibodies to the number of receptors. In this connection, of great interest to study the immunological aspects of epilepsy with prediction of outcomes of different forms of epilepsy, to examine neuropsychological and immunological aspects of idiopathic and symptomatic epilepsies with determination of the role of immunological pathomechanism in development of this disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Aspects of the Pathogenesis of Epilepsy

Azizova

2014

EMHPJ

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We studied 52 patients with epilepsy with the average age of 36.2±14.7 years old. Of them, 38 patients had idiopathic epilepsy, 14 patients had symptomatic epilepsy. Our study has shown that epilepsy is accompanied with increased levels of autoantibodies to NF-200, GFAP, S100, MBP, DNA, GABA and dopamine receptors, testifying to the important role of autoimmune disturbances in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. More severe attacks are accompanied by worsening of neuroimmune dysregulation. The degree and duration of autoimmune process can serve additional diagnostic and prognostic criteria for epilepsies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Aspects of the Pathogenesis of Epilepsy

Azizova

2014

EMHPJ

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“…On the other hand, many immunological abnormalities have been labeled in patients with epilepsy. Studies have shown that epilepsy develops in several immune-mediated conditions such as SLE, myasthenia gravis and IgA deficiency [11,14] Several immunoglobulin abnormalities which are described in patients with epilepsy, in part associated with anti-convulsant therapy, as well as a high prevalence of anticardiolipin and antinuclear antibodies have been seen in patients with epilepsy [11,15]. Therefore, epilepsy in a number of patients may be due to an immune process, and the association between CD and epilepsy may be the susceptibility of immune-mediated conditions to occur together.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Celiac Disease and Epilepsy: The Effect of Gluten-Free Diet on Seizure Control

Bashiri¹,

Afshari²,

Babaei³

et al. 2016

Adv Clin Exp Med

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“…The immunodeficiency associated with HIV infection is obvious; immunodeficiencies and immune dysregulatory effects associated with drugs such as the anticonvulsants phenytoin and carbamazepine [47] may be more subtle but still contribute to an altered response to drugderived neoantigens or self-antigens.…”

Section: The Role Of Infection and 'Molecular Mimicry'mentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro analysis of metabolic predisposition to drug hypersensitivity reactions

Riley¹,

Leeder

1995

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SUMMARYIdiosyncratic hypersensitivity reactions may account for up to 25% of al! adverse drug reactions, and pose a constant problem to physicians because of their unpredictable nature, potentially fatal outcome and resemblance to other disease processes. Current understanding of how drug allergy arises is based largely on the hapten hypothesis: since most drugs are not chemically reactive per se., they must be activated metabolically to reactive species which may become immunogenic through interactions with cellular macromolecules. The role of drug metabolism is thus pivotal to the hapten hypothesis both in activation of the parent compound and detoxification of the reactive species. Although conjugation reactions may occasionally produce potential immunogens {for example, the generation of acylglucuronides from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as diclofenae), bioactivation is catalysed most frequently by cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes. The multifactorial nature of hypersensitivity reaetions, particularly the role of often unidentified, reactive drug metabolites in antigen generation, has hampered the routine diagnosis of these disorders by classical immunological methods designed to detect circulating antibodies or sensitized T cells. Similarly, species differences in drug metabolism and immune system regulation have largely precluded the establishment of appropriate animal models with which to examine the immunopathological mechanisms of these toxicities. However, the combined use of in vitro toxicity assays incorporating human tissues and in vivo phenotyping (or, ultimately, in vitro genotyping) methods for drug detoxification pathways may provide the metabolic basis for hypersensitivity reactions to several drugs. This brief review highlights recent efforts to unravel the bases for hypersensitivity reactions to these therapeutic agents (which include anticonvulsants and sulphonamides) using drug metabolism and Immunoehemieal approaches. In particular, examples are provided which illustrate breakthroughs in the identification of the chemical nature of Ihe reactive metabolites which become bound to cellular macromolecules, the enzyme systems responsible for their generation and (possibly) detoxification, and the target proteins implicated in the subsequent immune response.

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Immunological Aspects of Epilepsy

Cited by 73 publications

References 43 publications

New Aspects of the Pathogenesis of Epilepsy

New Aspects of the Pathogenesis of Epilepsy

Celiac Disease and Epilepsy: The Effect of Gluten-Free Diet on Seizure Control

In vitro analysis of metabolic predisposition to drug hypersensitivity reactions

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